Related papers: Nucleation and growth of metal whiskers
Needle shaped whiskers grow on various metal surfaces often across leads of a package causing current leakage or short circuits and raising reliability issues in electronic components. The nature of metal whiskers remains a mystery after…
Metal whiskers often grow across leads of electric equipment and electronic package causing current leakage or short circuits and raising significant reliability issues. The nature of metal whiskers remains a mystery after several decades…
The phenomenon of spontaneously growing metal whiskers (MW) raises significant reliability concerns due to its related arcing and shorting in electric equipment. The growth kinetics of MW remains poorly predictable. Here we present a theory…
In this work, a very high, locally applied electric field was used to induce whisker nucleation on an Sn film. The field was generated by using a conductive AFM tip and applying a voltage bias between the sample and the conductive…
We present TEM images of the interior of metal whiskers (MW) grown on electroplated Sn films. Along with earlier published information, our observations focus on a number of questions, such as why MWs' diameters are in the micron range…
We have investigated the influence of electric field on tin whisker growth. Sputtered tin samples were exposed to electron radiation, and were subsequently found to have grown whiskers, while sister control samples did not exhibit whisker…
We predict the electromagnetic field driven nucleation of nanoparticles that provide plasmonic oscillations in resonance with the field frequency. The oscillations assume a phase that maximizes the particle polarization and energy gain due…
Needle-like metallic particles have been suggested to explain a wide variety of astrophysical phenomena, ranging from the mid-infrared interstellar extinction to the thermalization of starlight to generate the cosmic microwave background.…
In this work we show using atomistic simulations that the biased diffusion in high electric field gradients creates a mechanism whereby nanotips may start growing from small surface asperities. It has long been known that atoms on a…
The acceleration of an spheroidal metal nanoparticle in an irradiation field with a frequency close to the surface plasmon vibration has been considered. Under the action of radiation pressure, the polarizability for nonspherical particle…
We show that strong enough electric fields can trigger nucleation of needle-shaped metallic embryos in insulators, even when the metal phase is energetically unfavorable without the field. This general phenomenon is due to the gigantic…
Dynamics of bending of NaCl whisker is studied with use of high speed camera VFU-1 synchronized with high power electron accelerator GIN-600. The dynamics of bending turns to be non-monotonous and quite complicated. The figures of etching…
Single-crystalline whiskers of thermoelectric cobalt oxide, NaxCoO2, have been grown by an unconventional method from potassium-containing compositions, and their transport properties, and chemical compositions were determined. The growth…
This work is devoted to establishing the mechanisms of elastic oscillation influence on nucleation processes in metal melts. The method of physical modeling with low-temperature metallic alloys (Wood and Rose) and transparent organic media…
We advance a "Solar flare" model of magnetar activity, whereas a slow evolution of the magnetic field in the upper crust, driven by electron MHD (EMHD) flows, twists the external magnetic flux tubes, producing persistent emission, bursts…
Metals such as silver support surface plasmons: electromagnetic surface excitations localised near the surface which originate from the free electrons of the metal. Surface modes are also observed on highly conducting surfaces perforated by…
In this work fluctuations in the electric field of surface plasmon polaritons undergoing random scattering on a rough metallic surface are considered. A rigorous closed form analytic expression is derived describing second order…
The number of pulsars with detected emission at X-ray and gamma-ray energies has been steadily growing, showing that beams of high-energy particles are commonly accelerated in pulsar magnetospheres, even though the location and number of…
The physical and chemical properties of metal nanoparticles differ significantly from those of free metal atoms as well as from the properties of bulk metals, and therefore, they may be viewed as a transition regime between the two physical…
Relativistic electron beam transport through a high-density, magnetized plasma is studied numerically and theoretically. An electron beam injected into a cold plasma excites Weibel and two-stream instabilities that heat the beam and…