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Air shower universality states that the electromagnetic part of hadron-induced extensive air showers (EAS) can be completely described in terms of the primary energy and shower age. In addition, simulations show that the muon part is well…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-07-15 Fabian Schmidt , Maximo Ave , Lorenzo Cazon , Aaron Chou

The relation of model predictions for muon content of extensive air showers (EAS) to particular properties of hadron-air interactions is discussed. Further, using a new Monte Carlo generator of cosmic ray interactions, QGSb, the relevance…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-02 Sergey Ostapchenko

The characteristics of an extensive air shower derive from both the mass of the primary ultra-high-energy cosmic ray that seeds its development and the properties of the hadronic interactions that feed it. With its hybrid detector design,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-06 David Schmidt

The longitudinal profile of extensive air showers is sensitive to the energy and type/mass of the primary particle. One of its characteristics, the atmospheric depth of shower maximum, is often used to reconstruct the elemental composition…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 B. Keilhauer , J. Bluemer , R. Engel , H. O. Klages , M. Risse

High-energy cosmic rays are observed indirectly by detecting the extensive air showers initiated in Earth's atmosphere. The interpretation of experimental data relies on accurate modeling of the air shower development. Simulations based on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-23 Lilly Pyras , Dennis Soldin , Felix Riehn

Measurements of cosmic ray particles at energies above E = 5 x 10^{14} eV are performed by large area ground based air shower experiments. Only they provide the collection power required for obtaining sufficient statistics at the low flux…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Karl-Heinz Kampert

A comparative analysis of the secondary particles output of the main hadronic interaction packages used in simulations of extensive air showers is presented. Special attention is given to the study of events with very energetic leading…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-03-24 C. A. Garcia Canal , S. J. Sciutto , T. Tarutina

Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays are almost exclusively detected through extensive air showers, which they initiate upon interaction with the atmosphere. The longitudinal development of these air showers can be directly observed using…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-27 Maximilian Stadelmaier , Jakub Vícha , Vladimír Novotný

The lateral and longitudinal profiles of hadronic showers detected by a prototype of the ATLAS Iron-Scintillator Tile Hadron Calorimeter have been investigated. This calorimeter uses a unique longitudinal configuration of scintillator…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2012-08-27 Tilecal Atlas Collaboration

We investigate the feasibility of detecting extensive air showers via their geo-synchrotron X-ray emission from high-altitude platforms. Starting from first principles, we derive a differential expression for the number of emitted photons…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-14 Rodrigo Alberto Torres Saavedra , Caterina Trimarelli , Roberto Aloisio , John F. Krizmanic , Johannes Eser , Austin Cummings

The output parameters from the ground array of the Auger South observatory, were simulated for the typical instrumental and environmental conditions at its Malarg\"ue site using the code sample-sim. Extensive air showers started by photons,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gustavo A. Medina Tanco , Sergio J. Sciutto

The Heitler-Matthews model for hadronic air showers will be extended to all the generations of electromagnetic subshowers in the hadronic cascade. The analysis is outlined in detail for showers initiated by primary protons. For showers…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-03-06 Hans Montanus

Characteristics of the high energy families (bundle of high energy e, gamma) and hadrons in the air-showers detected in the hybrid experiment together with emulsion chamber and AS-array at Mt.Chacaltaya are studied in detail by comparing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-10-14 M. Tamada

We evaluate the consistency of hadronic interaction models in the CORSIKA simulation package with publicly available fluorescence telescope data from the Pierre Auger Observatory. By comparing the first few central moments of the extended…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-18 Blaž Bortolato , Jernej F. Kamenik , Michele Tammaro

The lateral and longitudinal profiles of hadronic showers detected by a prototype of the ATLAS Iron-Scintillator Tile Hadron Calorimeter have been investigated. This calorimeter uses a unique longitudinal configuration of scintillator…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 Yuri A. Kulchitsky

We explore the feasibility of estimating primary cosmic ray composition at ultra high energies from the sum of muon, electron and photon densities and the depth of maximum of extensive air showers detected by the Auger Observatory. From the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 Luiz Americo de Carvalho , Carola Dobrigkeit

Simulations of radio emission from extensive air showers we have published so far were performed with a Monte Carlo code using analytical parametrisations to describe the spatial, temporal, energy and angular particle distributions in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 T. Huege , R. Ulrich , R. Engel

The analysis of high-energy air shower data allows one to study the proton-air cross section at energies beyond the reach of fixed target and collider experiments. The mean depth of the first interaction point and its fluctuations are a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-07-22 Ralf Ulrich , Johannes Blümer , Ralph Engel , Fabian Schüssler , Michael Unger

We study the possibility of primary mass estimation for Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR's) using the $X_{max}^{\mu}$ (the height where the number of muons produced on the core of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) is maximum) and the number…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-22 Nicusor Arsene , Octavian Sima