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Given that AI systems are set to play a pivotal role in future decision-making processes, their trustworthiness and reliability are of critical concern. Due to their scale and complexity, modern AI systems resist direct interpretation, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Binxia Xu , Antonis Bikakis , Daniel Onah , Andreas Vlachidis , Luke Dickens

In systems biology, it is becoming increasingly common to measure biochemical entities at different levels of the same biological system. Hence, data fusion problems are abundant in the life sciences. With the availability of a multitude of…

This short note proposes two additive corrections to a pair of relations published in Wan et al. in order to extend them to a small sample size condition. In particular we focus the interest on the possibility to provide an estimate to the…

Applications · Statistics 2023-10-20 Massimo Borelli

Hypothesis testing in high dimensional data is a notoriously difficult problem without direct access to competing models' likelihood functions. This paper argues that statistical divergences can be used to quantify the difference between…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-08-02 Jeremy J. H. Wilkinson , Christopher G. Lester

This paper provides a general framework for testing instrument validity in heterogeneous causal effect models. The generalization includes the cases where the treatment can be multivalued ordered or unordered. Based on a series of testable…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-10-11 Zhenting Sun

Biological systems are often modelled at different levels of abstraction depending on the particular aims/resources of a study. Such different models often provide qualitatively concordant predictions over specific parametrisations, but it…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-05-10 Giulio Caravagna , Luca Bortolussi , Guido Sanguinetti

Systems biology models are useful models of complex biological systems that may require a large amount of experimental data to fit each model's parameters or to approximate a likelihood function. These models range from a few to thousands…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-12 Vincent D. Zaballa , Elliot E. Hui

Adjusting for covariates is a well established method to estimate the total causal effect of an exposure variable on an outcome of interest. Depending on the causal structure of the mechanism under study there may be different adjustment…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-27 Jack Kuipers , Giusi Moffa

Calibration, the practice of choosing the parameters of a structural model to match certain empirical moments, can be viewed as minimum distance estimation. Existing standard error formulas for such estimators require a consistent estimate…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-06-19 Matthew D. Cocci , Mikkel Plagborg-Møller

In environmental sciences, it is often of interest to assess whether the dependence between extreme measurements has changed during the observation period. The aim of this work is to propose a statistical test that is particularly sensitive…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-05-06 Axel Bücher , Paul Kinsvater , Ivan Kojadinovic

Size distortion can occur if an asymptotic testing procedure requiring diverging sample sizes, is implemented to data with very small sample sizes. In this paper, we consider one-sample and two-sample tests for mean vectors when data are…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-17 Jun Li

Batch effects are pervasive in biomedical studies. One approach to address the batch effects is repeatedly measuring a subset of samples in each batch. These remeasured samples are used to estimate and correct the batch effects. However,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-07 Hanxuan Ye , Xianyang Zhang , Chen Wang , Ellen L. Goode , Jun Chen

Wearable devices permit the continuous monitoring of biological processes, such as blood glucose metabolism, and behavior, such as sleep quality and physical activity. The continuous monitoring often occurs in epochs of 60 seconds over…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-23 Yuanyuan Luan , Roger S. Zoh , Erjia Cui , Xue Lan , Sneha Jadhav , Carmen D. Tekwe

Machine learning methods are increasingly applied in medical imaging, yet many reported improvements lack statistical robustness: recent works have highlighted that small but significant performance gains are highly likely to be false…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Thomas Sanchez , Pedro M. Gordaliza , Meritxell Bach Cuadra

We consider sequential hypothesis testing between two quantum states using adaptive and non-adaptive strategies. In this setting, samples of an unknown state are requested sequentially and a decision to either continue or to accept one of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Yonglong Li , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Marco Tomamichel

The abundance of data produced daily from large variety of sources has boosted the need of novel approaches on causal inference analysis from observational data. Observational data often contain noisy or missing entries. Moreover, causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-03-14 Fani Tsapeli , Peter Tino , Mirco Musolesi

Understanding the interplay between high-dimensional data from different views is essential in biomedical research, particularly in fields such as genomics, neuroimaging and biobank-scale studies involving high-dimensional features.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-31 Ruyi Pan , Yinqiu He , Jun Young Park

Difference in proportions is frequently used to measure treatment effect for binary outcomes in randomized clinical trials. The estimation of difference in proportions can be assisted by adjusting for prognostic baseline covariates to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-31 Jialuo Liu , Dong Xi

Adaptive designs have been proposed for clinical trials in which the nuisance parameters or alternative of interest are unknown or likely to be misspecified before the trial. Whereas most previous works on adaptive designs and mid-course…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-05-18 Jay Bartroff , Tze Leung Lai

The main goal is to develop and, consequently, compare stochastic methods for detection whether a structural change in panel data occurred at some unknown time or not. Panel data of our interest consist of a moderate or relatively large…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-08-22 Barbora Peštová , Michal Pešta