Related papers: Probability and the Classical/Quantum Divide
We present a classical probability model appropriate to the description of quantum randomness. This tool, that we have called stochastic gauge system, constitutes a contextual scheme in which the Kolmogorov probability space depends upon…
We establish a sharp quantum advantage in determining the parity (even/odd) of an unknown permutation applied to any number $n \ge 3$ of particles. Classically, this is impossible with fewer than $n$ labels, being that the success is…
Quantum entanglement describes superposition states in multi-dimensional systems, at least two partite, which cannot be factorized and are thus non-separable. Non-separable states exist also in classical theories involving vector spaces. In…
Spekkens has introduced an epistemically restricted classical theory of discrete systems, based on discrete phase space. The theory manifests a number of quantum-like properties but cannot fully imitate quantum theory because it is…
In quantum physics, the density operator completely describes the state. Instead, in classical physics the mean value of every physical quantity is evaluated by means of a probability distribution. We study the possibility to describe pure…
Any physical transformation that equally distributes quantum information over a large number M of users can be approximated by a classical broadcasting of measurement outcomes. The accuracy of the approximation is at least of the order 1/M.…
Determining whether a quantum state is separable or entangled is a problem of fundamental importance in quantum information science. It has recently been shown that this problem is NP-hard. There is a highly inefficient `basic algorithm'…
Quantum particles can be obtained from a classical probability distribution in phase space by a suitable coarse graining, whereby simultaneous classical information about position and momentum can be lost. For a suitable time evolution of…
The area of property testing tries to design algorithms that can efficiently handle very large amounts of data: given a large object that either has a certain property or is somehow "far" from having that property, a tester should…
Quantum theory shares with classical probability theory many important properties. I show that this common core regards at least the following six areas, and I provide details on each of these: the logic of propositions, symmetry,…
The transport of ultra-cold atoms in magneto-optical potentials provides a clean setting in which to investigate the distinct predictions of classical versus quantum dynamics for a system with coupled degrees of freedom. In this system,…
I provide a simple derivation of the Born rule as giving a classical probability, that is, the ratio of the measure of favorable states of the system to the measure of its total possible states. In classical systems, the probability is due…
Description of nonclassicality of states has hitherto been through violation of Bell inequality and non-separability, with the latter being a stronger constraint. In this paper, we show that this can be further sharpened, by introducing the…
We study transformations of conventional (`classical') probabilities induced by context transitions. It is demonstrated that the transition from one complex of conditions to another induces a perturbation of the classical rule for the…
We review canonical experiments on systems that have pushed the boundary between the quantum and classical worlds towards much larger scales, and discuss their unique features that enable quantum coherence to survive. Because the types of…
We consider different settings of the task to distinguish pure orthogonal quantum states under local operations and a limited amount of classical communication. In the first setting, the spatially separated parties are allowed to perform…
The probability density distributions for the ground states of certain model systems in quantum mechanics and for their classical counterparts are considered. It is shown, that classical distributions are remarkably improved by…
We present a detailed comparison of the motion of a classical and of a quantum particle in the presence of trapping sites, within the framework of continuous-time classical and quantum random walk. The main emphasis is on the qualitative…
When dealing with macroscopic objects one usually observes quasiclassical phenomena, which can be described in terms of quasiclassical (or classical) equations of motion. Recent development of the theory of quantum computation is based on…
A Bell test separates quantum mechanics from a classical, local realist theory of physics. However, a Bell test cannot separate quantum physics from all classical theories. Classical devices supplemented with non-signaling correlations,…