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Related papers: Compact Representations of Extended Causal Models

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Given a causal model of some domain and a particular story that has taken place in this domain, the problem of actual causation is deciding which of the possible causes for some effect actually caused it. One of the most influential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-07-26 Joost Vennekens

This paper presents a rich knowledge representation language aimed at formalizing causal knowledge. This language is used for accurately and directly formalizing common benchmark examples from the literature of actual causality. A…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Michael Gelfond , Jorge Fandinno , Evgenii Balai

This paper deals with the problem of estimating the probability that one event was a cause of another in a given scenario. Using structural-semantical definitions of the probabilities of necessary or sufficient causation (or both), we show…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Jin Tian , Judea Pearl

We propose new definitions of (causal) explanation, using structural equations to model counterfactuals. The definition is based on the notion of actual cause, as defined and motivated in a companion paper. Essentially, an explanation is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joseph Y. Halpern , Judea Pearl

Pearl's causal hierarchy has garnered sustained attention as a foundational lens for formulating and understanding causal questions, and has been extensively discussed within the framework of structural causal models. In this paper, we…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2026-01-29 Peng Wu , Linbo Wang

Scientific models describe natural phenomena at different levels of abstraction. Abstract descriptions can provide the basis for interventions on the system and explanation of observed phenomena at a level of granularity that is coarser…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Sander Beckers , Frederick Eberhardt , Joseph Y. Halpern

To evaluate a single cause of a binary effect, Dawid et al. (2014) defined the probability of causation, while Pearl (2015) defined the probabilities of necessity and sufficiency. For assessing the multiple correlated causes of a binary…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-09 Shanshan Luo , Yixuan Yu , Chunchen Liu , Feng Xie , Zhi Geng

We give a category-theoretic treatment of causal models that formalizes the syntax for causal reasoning over a directed acyclic graph (DAG) by associating a free Markov category with the DAG in a canonical way. This framework enables us to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Yimu Yin , Jiji Zhang

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) are methods for generating an alternative scenario that produces a different desirable outcome. For example, if a student is predicted to fail a course, then counterfactual explanations can provide the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-09 Bevan I. Smith

We present a basis for studying questions of cause and effect in statistics which subsumes and reconciles the models proposed by Pearl, Robins, Rubin and others, and which, as far as mathematical notions and notation are concerned, is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-18 José A. Ferreira

I develop a novel semantics for probabilities of counterfactuals that generalizes the standard Pearlian semantics: it applies to probabilistic causal models that cannot be extended into realistic structural causal models and are therefore…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Sander Beckers

The original Halpern-Pearl definition of causality [Halpern and Pearl, 2001] was updated in the journal version of the paper [Halpern and Pearl, 2005] to deal with some problems pointed out by Hopkins and Pearl [2003]. Here the definition…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-05-04 Joseph Y. Halpern

Statisticians have warned us since the early days of their discipline that experimental correlation between two observations by no means implies the existence of a causal relation. The question about what clues exist in observational data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Pirmin Lemberger , Denis Oblin

In view of the growing complexity of modern software architectures, formal models are increasingly used to understand why a system works the way it does, opposed to simply verifying that it behaves as intended. This paper surveys approaches…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Christel Baier , Clemens Dubslaff , Florian Funke , Simon Jantsch , Rupak Majumdar , Jakob Piribauer , Robin Ziemek

We provide a conceptual map to navigate causal analysis problems. Focusing on the case of discrete random variables, we consider the case of causal effect estimation from observational data. The presented approaches apply also to continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-06 Finnian Lattimore , Cheng Soon Ong

Causality is the relationship where one event contributes to the production of another, with the cause being partly responsible for the effect and the effect partly dependent on the cause. In this paper, we propose a novel and effective…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Arshia Rafieioskouei , Borzoo Bonakdarpour

Causal models have proven extremely useful in offering formal representations of causal relationships between a set of variables. Yet in many situations, there are non-causal relationships among variables. For example, we may want variables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Sander Beckers , Joseph Y. Halpern , Christopher Hitchcock

The theory of actual causality, defined by Halpern and Pearl, and its quantitative measure - the degree of responsibility - was shown to be extremely useful in various areas of computer science due to a good match between the results it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-08-30 Hana Chockler

Abstractions of causal models allow for the coarsening of models such that relations of cause and effect are preserved. Whereas abstractions focus on the relation between two models, in this paper we study a framework for causal embeddings…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Willem Schooltink , Fabio Massimo Zennaro

Graphical causal inference as pioneered by Judea Pearl arose from research on artificial intelligence (AI), and for a long time had little connection to the field of machine learning. This article discusses where links have been and should…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Bernhard Schölkopf