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A global quantum repeater network involving satellite-based links is likely to have advantages over fiber-based networks in terms of long-distance communication, since the photon losses in free space scale only polynomially with the…

Long-distance entanglement is a very precious resource, but its distribution is very difficult due to the exponential losses of light in optical fibres. A possible solution consists in the use of quantum repeaters, based on entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-18 Carlo Liorni , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruss

Quantum repeaters hold the promise to prevent the photon losses in communication channels. Most recently, the serious efforts have been applied to achieve scalable distribution of entanglement over long distances. However, the probabilistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-13 D. Aghamalyan , Yu. Malakyan

Quantum repeaters are an essential building block for realizing long-distance quantum communications. However, due to the fragile nature of quantum information, these repeaters suffer from loss and operational errors. Prior works have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-18 Prateek Mantri , Kenneth Goodenough , Don Towsley

Quantum communication is at the forefront of quantum technology, enabling the development of absolutely secure encryption, distributed quantum computing, teleportation and more. Whilst quantum communication has been experimentally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-24 Scott E. Vinay , Pieter Kok

A feasible route towards implementing long-distance quantum key distribution (QKD) systems relies on probabilistic schemes for entanglement distribution and swapping as proposed in the work of Duan, Lukin, Cirac, and Zoller (DLCZ) [Nature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Jeyran Amirloo , Mohsen Razavi , A. Hamed Majedi

Quantum key distribution performs the trick of growing a secret key in two distant places connected by a quantum channel. The main reason is that the legitimate users can bound the information gathered by the eavesdropper. In practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-03 David Elkouss , Jesus Martinez-Mateo , Vicente Martin

The rate at which quantum communication tasks can be performed using direct transmission is fundamentally hindered by the channel loss. Quantum repeaters allow, in principle, to overcome these limitations, but their introduction necessarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Kenneth Goodenough , David Elkouss , Stephanie Wehner

We analyze an entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) architecture that uses a linear chain of quantum repeaters employing photon-pair sources, spectral-multiplexing, linear-optic Bell-state measurements, multi-mode quantum…

Quantum communications capacity using direct transmission over length-$L$ optical fiber scales as $R \sim e^{-\alpha L}$, where $\alpha$ is the fiber's loss coefficient. The rate achieved using a linear chain of quantum repeaters equipped…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-22 Prajit Dhara , Ashlesha Patil , Hari Krovi , Saikat Guha

This work examines secret key rates of key distribution based on quantum repeaters in a broad parameter space of the communication distance and coherence time of the quantum memories. As the first step in this task, a Markov decision…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Simon Daniel Reiß , Peter van Loock

Distributing long-distance entanglement is a fundamental goal that is necessary for a variety of tasks such as quantum communication, distributed quantum computing, and quantum metrology. Currently quantum repeater schemes typically aim to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-02 Alexey N. Pyrkov , Ilia D. Lazarev , Tim Byrnes

Quantum entanglement is an indispensable resource for many significant quantum information processing tasks. However, because of the noise in quantum channels, it is difficult to distribute quantum entanglement over a long distance in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-31 Zhaofeng Su , Ji Guan , Lvzhou Li

In quantum mechanics, a fundamental law prevents quantum communications to simultaneously achieve high rates and long distances. This limitation is well known for point-to-point protocols, where two parties are directly connected by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-06 Stefano Pirandola

We present a new control algorithm and system design for a network of quantum repeaters, and outline the end-to-end protocol architecture. Such a network will create long-distance quantum states, supporting quantum key distribution as well…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-01 Rodney Van Meter , Thaddeus D. Ladd , W. J. Munro , Kae Nemoto

We consider quantum and private communications assisted by repeaters, from the basic scenario of a single repeater chain to the general case of an arbitrarily-complex quantum network, where systems may be routed through single or multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-17 Stefano Pirandola

Quantum communications promise to revolutionise the way information is exchanged and protected. Unlike their classical counterpart, they are based on dim optical pulses that cannot be amplified by conventional optical repeaters.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-07 M. Minder , M. Pittaluga , G. L. Roberts , M. Lucamarini , J. F. Dynes , Z. L. Yuan , A. J. Shields

With the rise of quantum technologies, data security increasingly relies on quantum cryptography and its most notable application, quantum key distribution (QKD). Yet, current technological limitations, in particular, the unavailability of…

Quantum communication implementations require efficient and reliable quantum channels. Optical fibers have proven to be an ideal candidate for distributing quantum states. Thus, today's efforts address overcoming issues towards high data…

Quantum key distribution over probabilistic quantum repeaters is addressed. We compare, under practical assumptions, two such schemes in terms of their secure key generation rates per quantum memory. The two schemes under investigation are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-26 Nicoló Lo Piparo , Mohsen Razavi