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Quantum phase classification is a fundamental problem in quantum many-body physics, traditionally approached using order parameters or quantum machine learning techniques such as quantum convolutional neural networks (QCNNs). However, these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Akira Tanji , Hiroshi Yano , Naoki Yamamoto

Quantum resource theories provide a mathematically rigorous way of understanding the nature of various quantum resources. An important problem in any quantum resource theory is to determine how quantum states can be converted into each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Tulja Varun Kondra , Chandan Datta , Alexander Streltsov

Let Alice and Bob be able to make local quantum measurements and communicate classically. The set of mathematically consistent joint probability assignments (``states'') for such measurements is properly larger than the set of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Howard Barnum , Christopher A. Fuchs , Joseph M. Renes , Alexander Wilce

We construct a correspondence between quantum states and the observable input-output correlations they are compatible with. The problem is framed as a game involving an experimenter, claiming to be able to prepare some family of states, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-05 Michele Dall'Arno

We investigate the performance of discrimination strategy in the comparison task of known quantum states. In the discrimination strategy, one infers whether or not two quantum systems are in the same state on the basis of the outcomes of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-30 A. Hayashi , T. Hashimoto , M. Horibe

Offline or batch reinforcement learning seeks to learn a near-optimal policy using history data without active exploration of the environment. To counter the insufficient coverage and sample scarcity of many offline datasets, the principle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Laixi Shi , Gen Li , Yuting Wei , Yuxin Chen , Yuejie Chi

The problem of unambiguous state discrimination consists of determining which of a set of known quantum states a particular system is in. One is allowed to fail, but not to make a mistake. The optimal procedure is the one with the lowest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Mark Hillery , Jihane Mimih

The precise one-shot characterisation of operational tasks in classical and quantum information theory relies on different forms of smooth entropic quantities. A particularly important connection is between the hypothesis testing relative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Bartosz Regula , Ludovico Lami , Nilanjana Datta

A hybrid quantum-classical algorithm is a computational scheme in which quantum circuits are used to extract information that is then processed by a classical routine to guide subsequent quantum operations. These algorithms are especially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Alon Levi , Ziv Ossi , Eliahu Cohen , Amit Te'eni

We state a quantum version of Bayes's rule for statistical inference and give a simple general derivation within the framework of generalized measurements. The rule can be applied to measurements on N copies of a system if the initial state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Ruediger Schack , Todd A. Brun , Carlton M. Caves

We study the question of closeness testing for two discrete distributions. More precisely, given samples from two distributions $p$ and $q$ over an $n$-element set, we wish to distinguish whether $p=q$ versus $p$ is at least $\eps$-far from…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-08-20 Siu-On Chan , Ilias Diakonikolas , Gregory Valiant , Paul Valiant

We propose a simple abstract formalisation of the act of observation, in which the system and the observer are assumed to be in a pure state and their interaction deterministically changes the states such that the outcome can be read from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sven Aerts

The relative similarity testing aims to determine which of the distributions, P or Q, is closer to an anchor distribution U. Existing kernel-based approaches often test the relative similarity with a fixed kernel in a manually specified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhijian Zhou , Liuhua Peng , Xunye Tian , Feng Liu

State-of-the-art classical neural networks are observed to be vulnerable to small crafted adversarial perturbations. A more severe vulnerability has been noted for quantum machine learning (QML) models classifying Haar-random pure states.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-10 Haoran Liao , Ian Convy , William J. Huggins , K. Birgitta Whaley

We consider asymptotic hypothesis testing (or state discrimination with asymmetric treatment of errors) between an arbitrary fixed bipartite pure state $\ket{\Psi}$ and the completely mixed state under one-way LOCC (local operations and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Masahito Hayashi , Masaki Owari

We study hypothesis testing (aka state certification) in the non-identically distributed setting. A recent work (Garg et al. 2023) considered the classical case, in which one is given (independent) samples from $T$ unknown probability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Giacomo De Palma , Marco Fanizza , Connor Mowry , Ryan O'Donnell

We extend the concept of probabilistic unambiguous discrimination of quantum states to quantum state estimation. We consider a scenario where the measurement device can output either an estimate of the unknown input state or an inconclusive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jaromir Fiurasek

In this paper we present the solution to the problem of optimally discriminating among quantum states, i.e., identifying the states with maximum probability of success when a certain fixed rate of inconclusive answers is allowed. By varying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-31 E. Bagan , R. Munoz-Tapia , G. A. Olivares-Renteria , J. A. Bergou

We introduce probability estimation, a broadly applicable framework to certify randomness in a finite sequence of measurement results without assuming that these results are independent and identically distributed. Probability estimation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-30 Yanbao Zhang , Emanuel Knill , Peter Bierhorst

We study experimentally accessible lower bounds on entanglement measures based on entropic uncertainty relations. Experimentally quantifying entanglement is highly desired for applications of quantum simulation experiments to fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-25 Bjarne Bergh , Martin Gärttner