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We introduce an efficient decoder of the color code in $d\geq 2$ dimensions, the Restriction Decoder, which uses any $d$-dimensional toric code decoder combined with a local lifting procedure to find a recovery operation. We prove that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-22 Aleksander Kubica , Nicolas Delfosse

Efficient decoding to estimate error locations from outcomes of syndrome measurement is the prerequisite for quantum error correction. Decoding in presence of circuit-level noise including measurement errors should be considered in case of…

The state-of-the-art error correcting codes are based on large random constructions (random graphs, random permutations, ...) and are decoded by linear-time iterative algorithms. Because of these features, they are remarkable examples of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-08-31 Silvio Franz , Michele Leone , Andrea Montanari , Federico Ricci-Tersenghi

We propose a novel method to calculate logical error rates in surface codes, assuming independent and identically distributed physical errors. We show how to use our method to analyze hypothetical quantum computers with various…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Shaked Regev , Daniel Dilley , Andrea Delgado , Ryan Bennink

There has been a rise in decoding quantum error correction codes with neural network based decoders, due to the good decoding performance achieved and adaptability to any noise model. However, the main challenge is scalability to larger…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-07 Savvas Varsamopoulos , Koen Bertels , Carmen G. Almudever

Quantum error correction is a critical technique for transitioning from noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices to fully fledged quantum computers. The surface code, which has a high threshold error rate, is the leading quantum…

We study the error threshold of color codes, a class of topological quantum codes that allow a direct implementation of quantum Clifford gates suitable for entanglement distillation, teleportation and fault-tolerant quantum computation. We…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-08-24 Helmut G. Katzgraber , H. Bombin , M. A. Martin-Delgado

A promising approach to overcome decoherence in quantum computing schemes is to perform active quantum error correction using topology. Topological subsystem codes incorporate both the benefits of topological and subsystem codes, allowing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-15 Ruben S. Andrist , H. Bombin , Helmut G. Katzgraber , M. A. Martin-Delgado

Errors in surface code have typically been decoded by Minimum Weight Perfect Matching (MWPM) based method. Recently, neural-network-based Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been employed for this purpose. Here we propose a two-level (low…

We estimate optimal thresholds for surface code in the presence of loss via an analytical method developed in statistical physics. The optimal threshold for the surface code is closely related to a special critical point in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Masayuki Ohzeki

Surface codes are a promising method of quantum error correction and the basis of many proposed quantum computation implementations. However, their efficient decoding is still not fully explored. Recently, approaches based on machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Thomas Wagner , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) are necessary for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Surface codes are a class of topological QECCs that have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional error-correcting capabilities and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Jifan Liang , Qianfan Wang , Lvzhou Li , Xiao Ma

Surface code is an error-correcting method that can be applied to the implementation of a usable quantum computer. At present, a promising candidate for a usable quantum computer is based on superconductor-specifically transmon. Because…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-28 Younghun Kim , Jeongsoo Kang , Younghun Kwon

Quantum computers hold the promise of solving computational problems which are intractable using conventional methods. For fault-tolerant operation quantum computers must correct errors occurring due to unavoidable decoherence and limited…

Product codes (PCs) protect a two-dimensional array of bits using short component codes. Assuming transmission over the binary symmetric channel, the decoding is commonly performed by iteratively applying bounded-distance decoding to the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Christian Häger , Henry D. Pfister

Decoding of convolutional codes poses a significant challenge for coding theory. Classical methods, based on e.g. Viterbi decoding, suffer from being computationally expensive and are restricted therefore to codes of small complexity. Based…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-09-04 Jose Ignacio Iglesias Curto , Uwe Helmke

Topological subsystem color codes (TSCCs) are an important class of topological subsystem codes that allow for syndrome measurement with only 2-body measurements. It is expected that such low complexity measurements can help in fault…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-18 Hiteshvi Manish Solanki , Pradeep Kiran Sarvepalli

In this work, we develop an efficient decoding method for graph codes, a class of stabilizer quantum error-correcting codes constructed from graph states. While optimal decoding is generally NP-hard, we propose a faster decoder exploiting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Nirupam Basak , Goutam Paul

Quantum error correcting codes protect quantum information, allowing for large quantum computations provided that physical error rates are sufficiently low. We combine post-selection with surface code error correction through the use of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Samuel C. Smith , Benjamin J. Brown , Stephen D. Bartlett

Surface and color codes are two forms of topological quantum error correction in two spatial dimensions with complementary properties. Surface codes have lower-depth error detection circuits and well-developed decoders to interpret and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-18 Jonathan E. Moussa