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A dominating set in a graph $G$ is a set $S$ of vertices such that every vertex that does not belong to $S$ is adjacent to a vertex in $S$. The domination number $\gamma(G)$ of $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set of $G$. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-16 Magda Dettlaff , Michael A. Henning , Jerzy Topp

We consider straight line drawings of a planar graph $G$ with possible edge crossings. The \emph{untangling problem} is to eliminate all edge crossings by moving as few vertices as possible to new positions. Let $fix(G)$ denote the maximum…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2011-11-14 Alexander Ravsky , Oleg Verbitsky

Inspired by a famous characterization of perfect graphs due to Lov\'{a}sz, we define a graph $G$ to be sum-perfect if for every induced subgraph $H$ of $G$, $\alpha(H) + \omega(H) \geq |V(H)|$. (Here $\alpha$ and $\omega$ denote the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-12 Bart Litjens , Sven Polak , Vaidy Sivaraman

A graph $G$ is said to be perfectly divisible if for every induced subgraph $H$ of $G$ with at least one edge, the vertex set $V(H)$ can be partitioned into two sets $A, B$ such that $H[A]$ is perfect and $\omega(B) < \omega(H)$. It is easy…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Hongzhang Chen , Kaiyang Lan , Wenlong Zhong

The edge betweenness centrality of an edge is loosely defined as the fraction of shortest paths between all pairs of vertices passing through that edge. In this paper, we investigate graphs where the edge betweenness centrality of edges is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-15 Heather A. Newman , Hector Miranda , Rigoberto Florez , Darren A. Narayan

Let $G$ be a group. The prime index graph of $G$, denoted by $\Pi(G)$, is the graph whose vertex set is the set of all subgroups of $G$ and two distinct comparable vertices $H$ and $K$ are adjacent if and only if the index of $H$ in $K$ or…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-08-06 S. Akbari , A. Ashtab , F. Heydari , M. Rezaee , F. Sherafati

The independent domination number $i(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a maximal independent set of $G$, also called an $i(G)$-set. The $i$-graph of $G$ is the graph whose vertices correspond to the $i(G)$-sets, and where two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-30 Richard Brewster , Kieka Mynhardt , Laura Teshima

The general position number ${\rm gp}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the cardinality of a largest set of vertices $S$ such that no element of $S$ lies on a geodesic between two other elements of $S$. The complementary prism $G\overline{G}$ of $G$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-08 Neethu P. K. , Ullas Chandran S. V. , Manoj Changat , Sandi Klavžar

The cycles are the only $2$-connected graphs in which any two nonadjacent vertices form a vertex cut. We generalize this fact by proving that for every integer $k\ge 3$ there exists a unique graph $G$ satisfying the following conditions:…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-28 Yanan Hu , Xingzhi Zhan , Leilei Zhang

If $G$ is a finite group, then the spectrum $\omega(G)$ is the set of all element orders of $G$. The prime spectrum $\pi(G)$ is the set of all primes belonging to $\omega(G)$. A simple graph $\Gamma(G)$ whose vertex set is $\pi(G)$ and in…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-22 Mingzhu Chen , Ilya B. Gorshkov , Natalia V. Maslova , Nanying Yang

A graph $G$ is called edge-magic if there exists a bijective function $f:V\left(G\right) \cup E\left(G\right)\rightarrow \left\{1, 2, \ldots , \left\vert V\left( G\right) \right\vert +\left\vert E\left( G\right) \right\vert \right\}$ such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-29 Yukio Takahashi , Francesc A. Muntaner-Batle , Rikio Ichishima

The Hadwiger number of a graph $G$, denoted by $h(G)$, is the order of the largest complete minor of $G$. A graph is said to be self-complementary if it is isomorphic to its complement. We prove that for all $n\equiv 0,1 (\text{mod 4})$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-13 Andrei Pavelescu , Elena Pavelescu

A graph $G$ has a perfect division if its vertex set can be partitioned into two sets $A$, $B$ such that $G[A]$ is perfect and $\omega(G[B]) < \omega(G)$. We call $G$ perfectly divisible if every induced subgraph of $G$ admits a perfect…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Lizhong Chen , Hongyang Wang

A graph G is perfect if for every induced subgraph H, the chromatic number of H equals the size of the largest complete subgraph of H, and G is Berge if no induced subgraph of G is an odd cycle of length at least 5 or the complement of one.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Maria Chudnovsky , Neil Robertson , Paul Seymour , Robin Thomas

We characterise the slices of the category of graphs that are algebraically universal in terms of the structure of the slicing graph. In particular, we show that algebraic universality is obtained if, and only if, the slicing graph contains…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-06 Ioannis Eleftheriadis

Two vertices u,v of connected graph G are doubly resolved by x,y\in V(G)if d(v; x)-d(u; x)\neq d(v; y)-d(u; y): A set W of vertices of the graph G is a doubly resolving set for G if every two distinct vertices of G are doubly resolved by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-13 Mohsen Jannesari

Given a connected graph $G=(V(G), E(G))$, the length of a shortest path from a vertex $u$ to a vertex $v$ is denoted by $d(u,v)$. For a proper subset $W$ of $V(G)$, let $m(W)$ be the maximum value of $d(u,v)$ as $u$ ranging over $W$ and $v$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-11 Min Feng , Xuanlong Ma , Huiling Xu

A fair dominating set in a graph $G$ (or FD-set) is a dominating set $S$ such that all vertices not in $S$ are dominated by the same number of vertices from $S$; that is, every two vertices not in $S$ have the same number of neighbors in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-09-07 Yair Caro , Adriana Hansberg , Michael A. Henning

Say that an edge of a graph G dominates itself and every other edge adjacent to it. An edge dominating set of a graph G = (V,E) is a subset of edges E' of E which dominates all edges of G. In particular, if every edge of G is dominated by…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-03-12 Min Chih Lin , Michel J. Mizrahi , Jayme L. Szwarcfiter

A $d$-dimensional bar-and-joint framework $(G,p)$ with underlying graph $G$ is called universally rigid if all realizations of $G$ with the same edge lengths, in all dimensions, are congruent to $(G,p)$. A graph $G$ is said to be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-07 Guilherme Zeus Dantas e Moura , Tibor Jordán , Corwin Silverman