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Magnitude is a numerical invariant of finite metric spaces, recently introduced by T. Leinster, which is analogous in precise senses to the cardinality of finite sets or the Euler characteristic of topological spaces. It has been extended…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2013-08-27 Mark W. Meckes

Magnitude is a numerical isometric invariant of metric spaces, whose definition arises from a precise analogy between categories and metric spaces. Despite this exotic provenance, magnitude turns out to encode many invariants from integral…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2017-09-05 Tom Leinster , Mark W. Meckes

Magnitude is a real-valued invariant of metric spaces, analogous to the Euler characteristic of topological spaces and the cardinality of sets. The definition of magnitude is a special case of a general categorical definition that clarifies…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Tom Leinster

Magnitude is an isometric invariant for metric spaces that was introduced by Leinster around 2010, and is currently the object of intense research, since it has been shown to encode many known invariants of metric spaces. In recent work,…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Miguel O'Malley , Sara Kalisnik , Nina Otter

Magnitude is an isometric invariant of metric spaces introduced by Leinster. Since its inception, it has inspired active research into its connections with integral geometry, geometric measure theory, fractal dimensions, persistent…

General Topology · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Sara Kališnik , Davorin Lešnik

Magnitude is a canonical invariant of finite metric spaces which has its origins in category theory; it is analogous to cardinality of finite sets. Here, by approximating certain compact subsets of Euclidean space with finite subsets, the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2013-02-14 Tom Leinster , Simon Willerton

Magnitude is a numerical invariant of compact metric spaces. Its theory is most mature for spaces satisfying the classical condition of being of negative type, and the magnitude of such a space lies in the interval $[1, \infty]$. Until now,…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2023-11-30 Tom Leinster , Mark Meckes

The magnitude of a metric space is a novel invariant that provides a measure of the 'effective size' of a space across multiple scales, while also capturing numerous geometrical properties, such as curvature, density, or entropy. We develop…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Katharina Limbeck , Rayna Andreeva , Rik Sarkar , Bastian Rieck

Magnitude is a numerical invariant of compact metric spaces, originally inspired by category theory and now known to be related to myriad other geometric quantities. Generalizing earlier results in $\ell_1^n$ and Euclidean space, we prove…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2023-11-30 Mark W. Meckes

Magnitude is a numerical invariant of enriched categories, including in particular metric spaces as $[0,\infty)$-enriched categories. We show that in many cases magnitude can be categorified to a homology theory for enriched categories,…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2021-11-10 Tom Leinster , Michael Shulman

The notion of the magnitude of a metric space was introduced by Leinster in [8] and developed in [10], [9], [11] and [16], but the magnitudes of familiar sets in Euclidean space are only understood in relatively few cases. In this paper we…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-07-14 Juan Antonio Barcelo , Anthony Carbery

Magnitude, obtained as a special case of Euler characteristic of enriched category, represents a sense of the size of metric spaces and is related to classical notions such as cardinality, dimension, and volume. While the studies have…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-16 Byungchang So

Deep learning models have seen significant successes in numerous applications, but their inner workings remain elusive. The purpose of this work is to quantify the learning process of deep neural networks through the lens of a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Rayna Andreeva , Katharina Limbeck , Bastian Rieck , Rik Sarkar

The Euler characteristic is an invariant of a topological space that in a precise sense captures its canonical notion of size, akin to the cardinality of a set. The Euler characteristic is closely related to the homology of a space, as it…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2022-06-22 Nina Otter

The metric complexity (sometimes called Leinster--Cobbold maximum diversity) of a compact metric space is a recently introduced isometry-invariant of compact metric spaces which generalizes the notion of cardinality, and can be thought of…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Gautam Aishwarya , Dongbin Li , Mokshay Madiman , Mark Meckes

Magnitude is a measure of size defined for certain classes of metric spaces; it arose from ideas in category theory. In particular, magnitude is defined for compact subsets of Euclidean space and, in arXiv:1507.02502, Barcel\'o and Carbery…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2018-04-09 Simon Willerton

The notion of the magnitude of a compact metric space was considered in arXiv:0908.1582 with Tom Leinster, where the magnitude was calculated for line segments, circles and Cantor sets. In this paper more evidence is presented for a…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2009-10-30 Simon Willerton

Magnitude is a numerical invariant of metric spaces and graphs, analogous, in a precise sense, to Euler characteristic. Magnitude homology is an algebraic invariant constructed to categorify magnitude. Among the important features of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-11 Emily Roff

Magnitude is an isometric invariant of metric spaces inspired by category theory. Recent work has shown that the asymptotic behavior under rescaling of the magnitude of subsets of Euclidean space is closely related to intrinsic volumes.…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-04-02 Mark W. Meckes

Magnitude is an isometric invariant of metric spaces introduced by Leinster. Although magnitude is nowhere continuous on the Gromov-Hausdorff space of finite metric spaces, continuity results are possible if we restrict the ambient space.…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Sara Kalisnik , Davorin Lesnik
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