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We observe 1.3~mm spectral lines at 2000~AU resolution toward four massive molecular clouds in the Central Molecular Zone of the Galaxy to investigate their star formation activities. We focus on several potential shock tracers that are…

We present a census of molecular outflows across four active regions of star formation in the Perseus molecular cloud (NGC 1333, IC348/HH211, L1448 and L1455), totalling an area of over 1000 sq arcmin. This is one of the largest surveys of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-19 Emily I. Curtis , John S. Richer , Jonathan J. Swift , Jonathan P. Williams

Bipolar outflows constitute some of the best laboratories to study shock chemistry in the interstellar medium. A number of molecular species have their abundance enhanced by several orders of magnitude in the outflow gas, likely as a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-04 Mario Tafalla , Rafael Bachiller

We have coupled a chemical model with two dynamical models of collapsing low mass star-forming cores to predict abundances across the core of the commonly used infall tracers, CS and HCO$^+$, at various stages of the collapse. The models…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Julia F. Roberts , Hugh A. W. Stace , Jonathan M. C. Rawlings

The formation of high-mass stars is usually accompanied by powerful protostellar outflows. Such high-mass outflows are not simply scaled-up versions of their lower-mass counterparts, since observations suggest that the collimation degree…

Dense outflowing gas, traced by transitions of molecules with large dipole moment, is important for understanding mass loss and feedback of massive star formation. HCN 3-2 and HCO$^+$ 3-2 are good tracers of dense outflowing molecular gas,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-06-14 Yani Xu , Junzhi Wang , Shu Liu , Juan Li , Yuqiang LI , Rui Luo , Chao Ou , Siqi Zheng , Yijia Liu

Outflows are a key part of the galactic gas cycle and crucial in shaping the star formation activity in their host galaxy. Yet, in simulations of galaxy evolution, modeling these outflows in their multi-phase nature and over the relevant…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-26 Francesco Bollati , Rainer Weinberger

We present multi-line and continuum observations of the circumstellar environment within 10^4 AU of a sample of protostars to investigate how the effects of outflows on their immediate environment changes over time. 12CO(1-0) emission…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Hector G. Arce , Anneila I. Sargent

(Abridged) The question of how most stars in the Universe form remains open. While star formation predominantly occurs in young massive clusters, the current framework focuses on isolated star formation. One way to access the bulk of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-11-23 K. M. Dutkowska , L. E. Kristensen

The distribution and physical conditions of molecular gas are closely linked to star formation and the subsequent evolution of galaxies. Emission from carbon monoxide (CO) and its isotopologues traces the bulk of molecular gas and provides…

Recent observations have revealed that starburst galaxies can drive molecular gas outflows through stellar radiation pressure. Molecular gas is the phase of the interstellar medium from which stars form, so these outflows curtail stellar…

(Abridged) The physical structure of deeply-embedded low-mass protostars (Class 0) on scales of less than 300 AU is still poorly constrained. Determining this is crucial for understanding the physical and chemical evolution from cores to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-05-04 M. V. Persson , D. Harsono , J. J. Tobin , E. F. van Dishoeck , J. K. Jørgensen , N. Murillo , S. -P. Lai

The era of interferometric observations leads to the need of a more and more precise description of physical structures and dynamics of star-forming regions, from pre-stellar cores to protoplanetary discs. The molecular emission can be…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-07 D. Quénard , S. Bottinelli , E. Caux

We examine emission from a young protostellar object (YPO) with three-dimensional ideal MHD simulations and three-dimensional non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) line transfer calculations, and show the first results. To calculate…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 M. Yamada , M. N. Machida , S. Inutsuka , K. Tomisaka

Protostellar outflows are considered a signpost of star formation. These outflows can cause shocks in the molecular gas and are typically traced by the line wings of certain molecules. HNCO (4--3) has been regarded as a shock tracer because…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-06-07 Jinjin Xie , Juan Li , Junzhi Wang , Shu Liu , Kai Yang , Donghui Quan , Siqi Zheng , Yuqiang Li , Jingwen Wu , Yan Duan , Di Li

We present high angular resolution interferometric observations of the dust continuum at 2.7 and 1.3 mm, and of the HC3N (12-11) and C18O (2-1) emission around L1157-mm, a Class~0 object that drives a spectacular molecular outflow. The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. T. Beltran , F. Gueth , S. Guilloteau , A. Dutrey

The evolution of protostellar outflow is investigated with resistive magneto-hydrodynamic nested-grid simulations that cover a wide range of spatial scales (\sim 1AU - 1pc). We follow cloud evolution from the pre-stellar core stage until…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Masahiro N. Machida , Takashi Hosokawa

OMC-2/3 is one of the nearest embedded cluster-forming region that includes intermediate-mass protostars at early stages of evolution. A previous CO (3--2) mapping survey towards this region revealed outflow activity related to sources at…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-09-11 A. I. Gómez-Ruiz , A. Gusdorf , S. Leurini , K. M. Menten , S. Takahashi , F. Wyrowski , R. Güsten

We investigate the kinematics of the molecular gas in a sample of seven edge-on (i>60{\deg}) galaxies identified as hosting large-scale outflows of ionised gas, using ALMA CO(1-0) observations at ~ 1kpc resolution. We build on Hogarth et…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-11-09 Lucy M. Hogarth , Amelie Saintonge , Tim A. Davis

We performed a molecular line survey of 82 high-mass protostellar objects in search for inflow signatures associated with high-mass star formation. Using the H$^{13}$CO$^+$ (1$-$0) line as an optically thin tracer, we detected a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-05-17 Hyunju Yoo , Kee-Tae Kim , Jungyeon Cho , Minho Choi , Jingwen Wu , Neal J. Evans , L. M. Ziurys