Related papers: Avoiding Negative Probabilities in Quantum Mechani…
Negative probabilities arise primarily in physics, statistical quantum mechanics and quantum computing. Negative probabilities arise as mixing distributions of unobserved latent variables in Bayesian modeling. Our goal is to provide a link…
Much progress has been made in the last few decades in developing the necessary mathematics for understanding the full implications of the quantum-mechanical many-body problem and why the material world appears to be as stable as it is…
Observed physical phenomena can be described well by quantum mechanics or general relativity. People may try to find an unified fundamental theory which mainly aims to merge gravity with quantum theory. However, difficulty in merging those…
In this article I shall clarify various aspects of the Dirac quantisation rules of 1930\cite{Dirac}, namely (i) the choice of antisymmetric Poisson brackets, (ii) the first quantisation Rule 1 (iii) the second quantisation Rule 2, and their…
The Dirac equation is a cornerstone in the history of physics, merging successfully quantum mechanics with special relativity, providing a natural description of the electron spin and predicting the existence of anti-matter. Furthermore, it…
The well known Klein paradox for the relativistic Dirac wave equation consists in the computation of possible ``negative probabilities'' induced by certain potentials in some regimes of energy. The paradox may be resolved employing the…
The well known Klein paradox for the relativistic Dirac wave equation consists in the computation of possible ``negative probabilities'' induced by certain potentials in some regimes of energy. The paradox may be resolved employing the…
It is shown that the alternative Klein-Gordon equation with positive definite probability density proposed in a letter by M.D. Kostin does not meet the requirements of relativistic (quantum) field theory and therefore does not allow for a…
We examine the negative energy solution in Klein-Gordon equation in terms of the number of field components. A scalar field has only one component, and there is no freedom left for an anti-particle since the Klein-Gordon equation failed to…
We illustrate, using a simple model, that in the usual formulation the time-component of the Klein-Gordon current is not generally positive definite even if one restricts allowed solutions to those with positive frequencies. Since in de…
We review the standards of relativistic quantum mechanics such as the Dirac equation under the concept of negative masses. We show that negative energies are acceptable provided the masses are simultaneously negative. Negative energy and…
Quantum gravity has been so elusive because we have tried to approach it by two paths which can never meet: quantum mechanics and general relativity. These contradict each other not only in superdense regimes, but also in the vacuum. We…
In relativistic quantum field theory with local interactions, charge is locally conserved. This implies local conservation of probability for the Dirac and Klein-Gordon wavefunctions, as special cases; and then in turn for non-relativistic…
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen's paper in 1935 is discussed in parallel with an EPR experiment on $K^0\bar{K}^0$ system in 1998, yielding a strong hint of distinction in both wave-function and operators between particle and antiparticle at the…
In classical physics, probabilistic or statistical knowledge has been always related to ignorance or inaccurate subjective knowledge about an actual state of affairs. This idea has been extended to quantum mechanics through a completely…
The Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) equation with a square step potential is used in a simple way with polymorphic purposes. It proves adequate to refuse a proposed new current that is currently interpreted as a probability current,to show that…
A recently proposed model of the Dirac electron, which describes observed properties of the particle correctly, is in the present paper shown to be also able to explain quantum interference by classical probabilities. According to this…
It is the matter of fact that quantum mechanics operates with notions that are not determined in the frame of the mechanics' formalism. Among them we can call the notion of "wave-particle" (that, however, does not appear in both classical…
The covariant Klein-Gordon equation requires twice the boundary conditions of the Schrodinger equation and does not have an accepted single-particle interpretation. Instead of interpreting its solution as a probability wave determined by an…
This work aims to shed some light on the meaning of the positive energy assumption in relativistic quantum theory and its relation to questions of localization of quantum systems. It is shown that the positive energy property of solutions…