Related papers: Avoiding Negative Probabilities in Quantum Mechani…
The Klein-Gordon equation describes the wave-like behavior of spinless particles since it is Lorentz invariant. While it seemed initially ripe for explaining the electronic structure of the hydrogen atom, the lack of a unconditional…
Quantum field theory is mostly known as the most advanced and well-developed theory in physics, which combines quantum mechanics and special relativity consistently. In this work, we study the spinless quantum field theory, namely the…
Building on the "quantum inequalities" introduced by Ford, I argue that the negative local energies encountered in quantum field theory can only be observed by detectors with positive energies at least as great in magnitude. This means that…
Credible reasons are presented to reveal that many of the lingering century old enigmas, surrounding the behavior of at least an individual quantum particle, can be comprehended in terms of an objectively real specific wave function. This…
We consider the behavior of the particles at ultra relativistic energies, for both the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations. We observe that the usual description is valid for energies such that we are outside the particle's Compton wavelength.…
Energy densities of the quantum states that are superposition of two multi-electron-positron states are examined. It is shown that the energy densities can be negative only when two multi-particle states have the same number of electrons…
The year 2025 marked the centennial of quantum mechanics, inaugurated by Heisenberg's matrix formulation and the foundational contributions of Pauli, Schrodinger, and Dirac. Concurrently, 2026 marks the centennial of the Klein - Gordon…
Errors pertaining to the following physical theories are discussed: the Dirac magnetic monopole theory; the Klein-Gordon equation; the Yukawa theory of nuclear force; the idea of Vector Meson Dominance; the Aharonov-Bohm effects; the idea…
The problem of a particle in a box is probably the simplest problem in quantum mechanics which allows for significant insight into the nature of quantum systems and thus is a cornerstone in the teaching of quantum mechanics. In relativistic…
I propose three new curved spacetime versions of the Dirac Equation. These equations have been developed mainly to try and account in a natural way for the observed anomalous gyromagnetic ratio of Fermions. The derived equations suggest…
A new formulation of quantum mechanics based on differential commutator brackets is developed. We have found a wave equation representing the fermionic particle. In this formalism, the continuity equation mixes the Klein-Gordon and…
In 1931, Dirac advanced a startling prediction about the existence of a new elementary particle, characterized by a magnetic charge of a single polarity: the magnetic monopole. This prediction, that was not based on experimental reasons but…
The Dirac equation requires a treatment of the step potential that differs fundamentally from the traditional treatment, because the Dirac plane waves, besides momentum and spin, are characterized by a quantum number with the physical…
Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations are the motion equations for relativistic particles with spin 0 (so-called scalar particles) and 1/2 (electron/positron) respectively. For a free particle, the Dirac equation is derived from the Klein-Gordon…
The fundamental principle of quantum mechanics is that the probabilities of physical outcomes are obtained from the intermediate states and processes of the interacting particles, considered as happening concurrently. When the interaction…
We provide general relativistic treatment of the single-component field described by Dirac's positive-energy wave equation of 1971. It is motivated by Bogomolny's proposal to regard that field as a possible candidate for dark matter. Our…
In case of spinless particles there appear additional (singular) solutions in the framework of relativistic Klein-Gordon equation for Coulomb potential. These solutions obey to all requirements of quantum mechanical general principles.…
A history and drama of the development of quantum probability theory is outlined starting from the discovery of the Plank's constant exactly a 100 years ago. It is shown that before the rise of quantum mechanics 75 years ago, the quantum…
Whenever we consider any relativistic quantum wave equation we are confronted with the Klein paradox, which asserts that incident particles will suffer a surplus of reflection when dispersed by a discontinuous potential. Following recent…
The Klein-Gordon equation is shown to be equivalent to coupled partial differential equations for a sub-quantum Brownian movement of a ''particle'', which is both passively affected by, and actively affecting, a diffusion process of its…