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We derive the system of differential equations for the gradient flow characterizing the training process of linear in-context learning in full generality. Next, we explore the geometric structure of the gradient flows in two instances,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-12-24 Songtao Lu , Yingdong Lu , Tomasz Nowicki

For the first time, the general nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation is investigated, in which the chromatic dispersion and potential are specified by two arbitrary functions. The equation in question is a natural generalization of a wide class…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2024-12-03 Andrei D. Polyanin , Nikolay A. Kudryashov

We consider a scalar Euclidean QFT with interaction given by a bounded, measurable function $V$ such that $V^{\pm}:=\lim_{w\to \pm\infty}V(w)$ exist. We find a field renormalization such that all the $n$-point connected Schwinger functions…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Wojciech Dybalski

We analyze the approach to chiral symmetry breaking in QCD at finite temperature, using the functional renormalization group. We compute the running gauge coupling in QCD for all temperatures and scales within a simple truncated…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-11 Jens Braun , Holger Gies

Through appropriate projections of an exact renormalization group equation, we study fixed points, critical exponents and nontrivial renormalization group flows in scalar field theories in $2<d<4$. The standard upper critical dimensions…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 Peter E. Haagensen , Yuri Kubyshin , Jose I. Latorre , Enrique Moreno

We review the present knowledge for $\alpha_s$, the fundamental coupling underlying the interactions of quarks and gluons in QCD. The dependence of $\alpha_s(Q^2)$ on momentum transfer $Q$ encodes the underlying dynamics of hadron physics…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-05 A. Deur , S. J. Brodsky , G. F. de Teramond

We analytically compute the five-loop term in the beta function which governs the running of $\alpha_s$ --- the quark-gluon coupling constant in QCD. The new term leads to a reduction of the theory uncertainty in $\alpha_s$ taken at the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-03-01 P. A. Baikov , K. G. Chetyrkin , J. H. Kühn

In this note we first set up an analogy between spin and vorticity of a perfect 2d-fluid flow, based on the Borel-Weil contruction of the irreducible unitary representations of SU(2), and looking at the Madelung-Bohm velocity attached to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-02-14 Mauro Spera

The effective average action of Yang-Mills theory is analyzed in the framework of exact renormalization group flow equations. Employing the background-field method and using a cutoff that is adjusted to the spectral flow, the running of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 Holger Gies

In models with large additional dimensions, the GUT scale can be lowered to values accessible by future colliders. Due to modification of the loop corrections from particles propagating into the extra dimensions, the logarithmic running of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Sabine Hossenfelder

{}From an accurate determination of the inter-quark potential, one can study the running coupling constant for a range of $R$-values and hence estimate the scale $\Lambda_{\msbar} $. Detailed results are presented for $SU(3)$ pure gauge…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2011-02-19 The UKQCD Collaboration , S. P. Booth , D. S. Henty , A. Hulsebos , A. C. Irving , C. Michael , P. W. Stephenson

We study SU(2) lattice gauge theory with two flavours of Dirac fermions in the adjoint representation. We measure the running of the coupling in the Schroedinger Functional (SF) scheme and find it is consistent with existing results. We…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-04-06 Francis Bursa , Luigi Del Debbio , Liam Keegan , Claudio Pica , Thomas Pickup

We present a systematic decomposition of QCD splitting functions into scalar dipole radiators and pure splitting remainders up to second order in the strong coupling. The individual components contain terms that are formally sub-leading in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-06 John M. Campbell , Stefan Höche , Max Knobbe , Christian T. Preuss , Daniel Reichelt

A short overview of studies of strong coupling problems in hadron physics is presented. The Schwinger-Dyson/Bethe-Salpeter approach in the continuum allows the perturbative regime to be connected to the world of strong coupling that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-06-08 M. R. Pennington

Gradient flow has been proposed in the lattice community as a tool to reduce the sensitivity of operator correlation functions to noisy UV fluctuations. We test perturbatively under what conditions doing so may contaminate the results. To…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2018-06-20 Alexander M. Eller , Guy D. Moore

We prove an integral formula for the spectral flow of differentiable loops of unitaries of the form ${\rm Id}+$Schatten. Our formula is in terms of a regularised winding number, expressed in terms of exact differential forms, and we show…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-27 A. Alexander , A. Carey , G. Levitina , A. Rennie

This study presents numerical simulations and experiments considering the flow of an electrically conducting fluid inside a cube driven by a rotating magnetic field (RMF). The investigations are focused on the spin-up, where a liquid metal…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-11-22 V. Galindo , R. Nauber , D. Räbiger , S. Franke , H. Beyer , L. Büttner , J. Czarske , S. Eckert

We present a one-loop calculation of a gauge invariant QCD beta function. Using both momentum and temperature renormalization group equations we investigate the running coupling in the magnetic sector as a function of temperature and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-01 M. A. van Eijck , C. R. Stephens , Ch. G. van Weert

We consider a general formulation of gradient flow evolution for problems whose natural framework is the one of metric spaces. The applications we deal with are concerned with the evolution of {\it capacitary measures} with respect to the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2011-09-27 Dorin Bucur , Giuseppe Buttazzo , Ulisse Stefanelli

On the universal bundle of unit spinors we study a natural energy functional whose critical points, if dim M \geq 3, are precisely the pairs (g, {\phi}) consisting of a Ricci-flat Riemannian metric g together with a parallel g-spinor…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-11-13 Bernd Ammann , Hartmut Weiss , Frederik Witt
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