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We provide an algorithm for properly learning mixtures of two single-dimensional Gaussians without any separability assumptions. Given $\tilde{O}(1/\varepsilon^2)$ samples from an unknown mixture, our algorithm outputs a mixture that is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-05-20 Constantinos Daskalakis , Gautam Kamath

Consider two problems about an unknown probability distribution $p$: 1. How many samples from $p$ are required to test if $p$ is supported on $n$ elements or not? Specifically, given samples from $p$, determine whether it is supported on at…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Renato Ferreira Pinto , Nathaniel Harms

In classical statistics and distribution testing, it is often assumed that elements can be sampled from some distribution $P$, and that when an element $x$ is sampled, the probability $P$ of sampling $x$ is also known. Recent work in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Talya Eden , Jakob Bæk Tejs Houen , Shyam Narayanan , Will Rosenbaum , Jakub Tětek

We present novel bounds for estimating discrete probability distributions under the $\ell_\infty$ norm. These are nearly optimal in various precise senses, including a kind of instance-optimality. Our data-dependent convergence guarantees…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-14 Aryeh Kontorovich , Amichai Painsky

We study goodness-of-fit of discrete distributions in the distributed setting, where samples are divided between multiple users who can only release a limited amount of information about their samples due to various information constraints.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Jayadev Acharya , Clément L. Canonne , Yanjun Han , Ziteng Sun , Himanshu Tyagi

Let $\theta_0,\theta_1 \in \mathbb{R}^d$ be the population risk minimizers associated to some loss $\ell:\mathbb{R}^d\times \mathcal{Z}\to\mathbb{R}$ and two distributions $\mathbb{P}_0,\mathbb{P}_1$ on $\mathcal{Z}$. The models…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-13 Dmitrii M. Ostrovskii , Mohamed Ndaoud , Adel Javanmard , Meisam Razaviyayn

This paper addresses a fundamental problem in random variate generation: given access to a random source that emits a stream of independent fair bits, what is the most accurate and entropy-efficient algorithm for sampling from a discrete…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Feras A. Saad , Cameron E. Freer , Martin C. Rinard , Vikash K. Mansinghka

Consider the following problem: given two arbitrary densities $q_1,q_2$ and a sample-access to an unknown target density $p$, find which of the $q_i$'s is closer to $p$ in total variation. A remarkable result due to Yatracos shows that this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Olivier Bousquet , Daniel Kane , Shay Moran

Motivated by the question of data quantization and "binning," we revisit the problem of identity testing of discrete probability distributions. Identity testing (a.k.a. one-sample testing), a fundamental and by now well-understood problem…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Clément L. Canonne , Karl Wimmer

Given samples from an unknown multivariate distribution $p$, is it possible to distinguish whether $p$ is the product of its marginals versus $p$ being far from every product distribution? Similarly, is it possible to distinguish whether…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Constantinos Daskalakis , Nishanth Dikkala , Gautam Kamath

We provide improved differentially private algorithms for identity testing of high-dimensional distributions. Specifically, for $d$-dimensional Gaussian distributions with known covariance $\Sigma$, we can test whether the distribution…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Shyam Narayanan

Distribution testing can be described as follows: $q$ samples are being drawn from some unknown distribution $P$ over a known domain $[n]$. After the sampling process, a decision must be made about whether $P$ holds some property, or is far…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Uri Meir

We present new algorithms for estimating and testing \emph{collision probability}, a fundamental measure of the spread of a discrete distribution that is widely used in many scientific fields. We describe an algorithm that satisfies…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-21 Robert Busa-Fekete , Umar Syed

One of the most fundamental problems in distribution testing is the identity testing problem: given samples $x_1,\ldots,x_s$, the goal is to determine whether the samples are drawn from a target distribution $\mathcal{D}$. When…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Bruno Cavalar , Eli Goldin , Matthew Gray , Taiga Hiroka , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Tomoyuki Morimae

Equivalence testing, a fundamental problem in the field of distribution testing, seeks to infer if two unknown distributions on $[n]$ are the same or far apart in the total variation distance. Conditional sampling has emerged as a powerful…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Diptarka Chakraborty , Sourav Chakraborty , Gunjan Kumar , Kuldeep S. Meel

We investigate Learning from Label Proportions (LLP), a partial information setting where examples in a training set are grouped into bags, and only aggregate label values in each bag are available. Despite the partial observability, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Robert Busa-Fekete , Travis Dick , Claudio Gentile , Haim Kaplan , Tomer Koren , Uri Stemmer

We study the problem of closeness testing for continuous distributions and its implications for causal discovery. Specifically, we analyze the sample complexity of distinguishing whether two multidimensional continuous distributions are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Fateme Jamshidi , Sina Akbari , Negar Kiyavash

We study the problem, introduced by Qiao and Valiant, of learning from untrusted batches. Here, we assume $m$ users, all of whom have samples from some underlying distribution $p$ over $1, \ldots, n$. Each user sends a batch of $k$ i.i.d.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Sitan Chen , Jerry Li , Ankur Moitra

This paper studies distributed binary test of statistical independence under communication (information bits) constraints. While testing independence is very relevant in various applications, distributed independence test is particularly…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-29 Sebastian Espinosa , Jorge F. Silva , Pablo Piantanida

We study the problem of hypothesis selection under the constraint of local differential privacy. Given a class $\mathcal{F}$ of $k$ distributions and a set of i.i.d. samples from an unknown distribution $h$, the goal of hypothesis selection…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-05 Alireza F. Pour , Hassan Ashtiani , Shahab Asoodeh
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