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We study the learnability of symbolic finite state automata (SFA), a model shown useful in many applications in software verification. The state-of-the-art literature on this topic follows the query learning paradigm, and so far all…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Dana Fisman , Hadar Frenkel , Sandra Zilles

A Wheeler automaton is a finite state automaton whose states admit a total Wheeler order, reflecting the co-lexicographic order of the strings labeling source-to-node paths. A Wheeler language is a regular language admitting an accepting…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Ruben Becker , Davide Cenzato , Sung-Hwan Kim , Bojana Kodric , Alberto Policriti , Nicola Prezza

This paper establishes a lower bound on the number of states necessary in the worst case to simulate an $n$-state two-way nondeterministic finite automaton (2NFA) by a one-way unambiguous finite automaton (UFA). It is proved that for every…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Semyon Petrov , Alexander Okhotin

Deepfake attribution (DFA) aims to perform multiclassification on different facial manipulation techniques, thereby mitigating the detrimental effects of forgery content on the social order and personal reputations. However, previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Ming-Hui Liu , Xiao-Qian Liu , Xin Luo , Xin-Shun Xu

Weighted finite automata (WFA) are often used to represent probabilistic models, such as $n$-gram language models, since they are efficient for recognition tasks in time and space. The probabilistic source to be represented as a WFA,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Ananda Theertha Suresh , Brian Roark , Michael Riley , Vlad Schogol

We investigate the computational power of affine automata (AfAs) introduced in [4]. In particular, we present a simpler proof for how to change the cutpoint for any affine language and a method how to reduce error in bounded error case.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Mika Hirvensalo , Etienne Moutot , Abuzer Yakaryılmaz

Weighted finite automata (WFA) can expressively model functions defined over strings but are inherently linear models. Given the recent successes of nonlinear models in machine learning, it is natural to wonder whether ex-tending WFA to the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-22 Tianyu Li , Guillaume Rabusseau , Doina Precup

Wheeler automata were introduced in 2017 as a tool to generalize existing indexing and compression techniques based on the Burrows-Wheeler transform. Intuitively, an automaton is said to be Wheeler if there exists a total order on its…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Ruben Becker , Davide Cenzato , Sung-Hwan Kim , Bojana Kodric , Riccardo Maso , Nicola Prezza

Quantum finite automata (QFA) are basic computational devices that make binary decisions using quantum operations. They are known to be exponentially memory efficient compared to their classical counterparts. Here, we demonstrate an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-06 Stephen Z. D. Plachta , Markus Hiekkamäki , Abuzer Yakaryılmaz , Robert Fickler

We construct a probabilistic finite automaton (PFA) with 7 states and an input alphabet of 5 symbols for which the PFA Emptiness Problem is undecidable. The only input for the decision problem is the starting distribution. For the proof, we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Günter Rote

Deep learning models continue to advance in accuracy, yet they remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which often lead to the misclassification of adversarial examples. Adversarial training is used to mitigate this problem by increasing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Leo Hyun Park , Jaeuk Kim , Myung Gyo Oh , Jaewoo Park , Taekyoung Kwon

We study the sweep complexity of DFA in one-way jumping mode answering several questions posed earlier. This measure is the number of times in the worst case that such machines have to return to the beginning of their input after having…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Szilárd Zsolt Fazekas , Robert Mercaş

Derivative-free optimization (DFO) has recently gained a lot of momentum in machine learning, spawning interest in the community to design faster methods for problems where gradients are not accessible. While some attention has been given…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-08-04 Yuwen Chen , Antonio Orvieto , Aurelien Lucchi

We tackle the problem of the randomized generation of slowly synchronizing deterministic automata (DFAs) by generating random primitive sets of matrices. We show that when the randomized procedure is too simple the exponent of the generated…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Costanza Catalano , Raphaël M. Jungers

This paper presents DAALder (Database-Assisted Automata Learning, with Dutch suffix from leerder), a new algorithm for learning state machines, or automata, specifically deterministic finite-state automata (DFA). When learning state…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Hielke Walinga , Robert Baumgartner , Sicco Verwer

A complete deterministic finite (semi)automaton (DFA) with a set of states $Q$ is \emph{completely reachable} if every nonempty subset of $Q$ is the image of the action of some word applied to $Q$. The concept of completely reachable…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Robert Ferens , Marek Szykuła

This paper studies the complexity of operations on finite automata and the complexity of their decision problems when the alphabet is unary. Let $n$ denote the maximum of the number of states of the input finite automata considered in the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Wojciech Czerwiński , Maciej Dębski , Tomasz Gogasz , Gordon Hoi , Sanjay Jain , Michał Skrzypczak , Frank Stephan , Christopher Tan

Given a nondeterministic finite-state automaton (NFA), we aim to estimate the size of an equivalent deterministic finite-state automaton (DFA). We demonstrate that computing the state complexity of an NFA within polynomial precision is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ivan Baburin , Ryan Cotterell

The state complexity of a Deterministic Finite-state automaton (DFA) is the number of states in its minimal equivalent DFA. We study the state complexity of random $n$-state DFAs over a $k$-symbol alphabet, drawn uniformly from the set…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-03 Daniel Berend , Aryeh Kontorovich

Transformers are state-of-the-art models for a variety of sequence modeling tasks. At their core is an attention function which models pairwise interactions between the inputs at every timestep. While attention is powerful, it does not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Hao Peng , Nikolaos Pappas , Dani Yogatama , Roy Schwartz , Noah A. Smith , Lingpeng Kong