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This paper is the first from a series of papers that establish a common analogue of the strong component and basilica decompositions for bidirected graphs. A bidirected graph is a graph in which a sign $+$ or $-$ is assigned to each end of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-22 Nanao Kita

In this paper, we employ the decomposition of a directed network as an undirected graph plus its associated node metadata to characterise the cyclic structure found in directed networks by finding a Minimal Cycle Basis of the undirected…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Vaiva Vasiliauskaite , Tim S. Evans , Paul Expert

We study random graph models for directed acyclic graphs, an important class of networks that includes citation networks, food webs, and feed-forward neural networks among others. We propose two specific models, roughly analogous to the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-10-16 Brian Karrer , M. E. J. Newman

The paradigm of linear structural equation modeling readily allows one to incorporate causal feedback loops in the model specification. These appear as directed cycles in the common graphical representation of the models. However, the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Mathias Drton , Marina Garrote-López , Niko Nikov , Elina Robeva , Y. Samuel Wang

Undirected graphical models are a key component in the analysis of complex observational data in a large variety of disciplines. In many of these applications one is interested in estimating the undirected graphical model underlying a…

Applications · Statistics 2015-10-21 Jonas M. B. Haslbeck , Lourens J. Waldorp

We consider the problem of structure learning for linear causal models based on observational data. We treat models given by possibly cyclic mixed graphs, which allow for feedback loops and effects of latent confounders. Generalizing…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-21 Carlos Améndola , Philipp Dettling , Mathias Drton , Federica Onori , Jun Wu

Unobserved confounding is one of the greatest challenges for causal discovery. The case in which unobserved variables have a widespread effect on many of the observed ones is particularly difficult because most pairs of variables are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-26 Alexis Bellot , Mihaela van der Schaar

Network graphs have become a popular tool to represent complex systems composed of many interacting subunits; especially in neuroscience, network graphs are increasingly used to represent and analyze functional interactions between neural…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-11-24 Patricia Wollstadt , Ulrich Meyer , Michael Wibral

In the theory of line graphs of undirected graphs there exists an important theorem linking the incidence matrix of the root graph to the adjacency matrix of its line graph. For directed or mixed graphs, however, the exists no analogous…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-12 Mohammad Abudayah , Omar Alomari , Torsten Sander

Directed graphs are widely used to model data flow and execution dependencies in streaming applications. This enables the utilization of graph partitioning algorithms for the problem of parallelizing computation for multiprocessor…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-09-26 Orlando Moreira , Merten Popp , Christian Schulz

Unobserved confounding is a major hurdle for causal inference from observational data. Confounders---the variables that affect both the causes and the outcome---induce spurious non-causal correlations between the two. Wang & Blei (2018)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-31 Yixin Wang , David M. Blei

In this paper, we study oriented bipartite graphs. In particular, we introduce "bitransitive" graphs. Several characterizations of bitransitive bitournaments are obtained. We show that bitransitive bitounaments are equivalent to acyclic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-16 Sandip Das , Prantar Ghosh , Shamik Ghosh , Sagnik Sen

We focus on the extension of bivariate causal learning methods into multivariate problem settings in a systematic manner via a novel framework. It is purposive to augment the scale to which bivariate causal discovery approaches can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-29 Hongyi Chen , Maurits Kaptein

Deterministic variables are variables that are fully explained by one or more parent variables. They commonly arise when a variable has been algebraically constructed from one or more parent variables, as with composite variables, and in…

The covariance graph (aka bi-directed graph) of a probability distribution $p$ is the undirected graph $G$ where two nodes are adjacent iff their corresponding random variables are marginally dependent in $p$. In this paper, we present a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-06-27 Jose M. Peña

Time-varying graph signals are alternative representation of multivariate (or multichannel) signals in which a single time-series is associated with each of the nodes or vertex of a graph. Aided by the graph-theoretic tools, time-varying…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-10 Naveed ur Rehman

Causal discovery aims to recover graphs that represent causal relations among given variables from observations, and new methods are constantly being proposed. Increasingly, the community raises questions about how much progress is made,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Zhufeng Li , Niki Kilbertus

Joint modeling of multiview graphs with a common set of nodes between views and auxiliary predictors is an essential, yet less explored, area in statistical methodology. Traditional approaches often treat graphs in different views as…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-24 Sharmistha Guha , Jose Rodriguez-Acosta , Ivo Dinov

Global variational approximation methods in graphical models allow efficient approximate inference of complex posterior distributions by using a simpler model. The choice of the approximating model determines a tradeoff between the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Tal El-Hay , Nir Friedman

Unlabeled multigraphs have diverse applications across scientific fields, from transportation and social networks to polymer physics. In particular, multigraphs are essential for studying the relationship between the spatial organization…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-01-21 Andrea Bonato