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Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) is an approach to sampling design and inference in hard-to-reach human populations. Typically, a sampling frame is not available, and population members are difficult to identify or recruit from broader…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-09-28 Mark S. Handcock , Krista J. Gile , Corinne M. Mar

Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) is a chain-referral design used for collecting data from hidden or hard-to-reach populations through their social networks. In RDS, respondents recruit their peers from the population of interest. As such,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-14 Vanesa Reinoso , Danilo Alvares , Jonathan Acosta , Isabelle S. Beaudry

Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is currently widely used for the study of HIV/AIDS-related high risk populations. However, recent studies have shown that traditional RDS methods are likely to generate large variances and may be severely…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-10-17 Xin Lu

Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a link-tracing network sampling strategy for collecting data from hard-to-reach populations, such as injection drug users or individuals at high risk of being infected with HIV. The mechanism is to find…

Computation · Statistics 2012-10-24 Sergiy Nesterko , Joseph Blitzstein

Analysis of social networks with limited data access is challenging for third parties. To address this challenge, a number of studies have developed algorithms that estimate properties of social networks via a simple random walk. However,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Kazuki Nakajima , Kazuyuki Shudo

Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is widely used to study hidden or hard-to-reach populations by incentivizing study participants to recruit their social connections. The success and efficiency of RDS can depend critically on the nature of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-06 Justin Weltz , Angela Yoon , Yichi Zhang , Alexander Volfovsky , Eric Laber

This work is concerned with the estimation of hard-to-reach population sizes using a single respondent-driven sampling (RDS) survey, a variant of chain-referral sampling that leverages social relationships to reach members of a hidden…

Estimating the size of stigmatized, hidden, or hard-to-reach populations is a major problem in epidemiology, demography, and public health research. Capture-recapture and multiplier methods have become standard tools for inference of hidden…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-05-01 Forrest W. Crawford , Jiacheng Wu , Robert Heimer

Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a popular approach to study marginalized or hard-to-reach populations. It collects samples from a networked population by incentivizing participants to refer their friends into the study. One major…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-12-21 Yilin Zhang , Karl Rohe , Sebastien Roch

A new estimation method is presented for network sampling designs, including Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) and Snowball (SB) sampling. These types of link-tracing designs are essential for studies of hidden populations, such as people at…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-24 Steve Thompson

Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) collects a sample of individuals in a networked population by incentivizing the sampled individuals to refer their contacts into the sample. This iterative process is initialized from some seed node(s).…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-22 Yuling Yan , Bret Hanlon , Sebastien Roch , Karl Rohe

Web crawling, snowball sampling, and respondent-driven sampling (RDS) are three types of network sampling techniques used to contact individuals in hard-to-reach populations. This paper studies these procedures as a Markov process on the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-02 Karl Rohe

This paper deals with the estimation of population sizes for respondent-driven sampling (RDS), a variant of link-tracing sampling that leverages social networks over a number of waves to recruit individuals from hidden populations. The RDS…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-24 Mamadou Yauck

The focus of this work is on estimation of the in-degree distribution in directed networks from sampling network nodes or edges. A number of sampling schemes are considered, including random sampling with and without replacement, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-03 Nelson Antunes , Shankar Bhamidi , Tianjian Guo , Vladas Pipiras , Bang Wang

We propose a novel Bayesian methodology which uses random walks for rapid inference of statistical properties of undirected networks with weighted or unweighted edges. Our formalism yields high-accuracy estimates of the probability…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-07-25 Willow B. Kion-Crosby , Alexandre V. Morozov

Respondent-Driven Sampling is a method to sample hard-to-reach human populations by link-tracing over their social networks. Beginning with a convenience sample, each person sampled is given a small number of uniquely identified coupons to…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-08-02 Krista J. Gile , Mark S. Handcock

Surveys are critical inputs for research and policy, yet, enumerating a sampling frame is logistically infeasible or financially nonviable in many circumstances, such as during pandemics, natural disasters, or armed conflict. Respondent…

Applications · Statistics 2026-03-03 Adam Visokay , Laura Boudreau , Rachel M. Heath , Tyler H. McCormick

This paper explores bias in the estimation of sampling variance in Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS). Prior methodological work on RDS has focused on its problematic assumptions and the biases and inefficiencies of its estimators of the…

Applications · Statistics 2015-12-07 Ashton M. Verdery , Ted Mouw , Shawn Bauldry , Peter J. Mucha

Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a procedure to sample from hard-to-reach populations. It has been widely used in several countries, especially in the monitoring of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. Hard-to-reach…

Applications · Statistics 2012-06-26 Leonardo S. Bastos , Adriana A. Pinho , Claudia Codeço , Francisco I. Bastos

In this article, we propose using network-based sampling strategies to estimate the number of unsheltered people experiencing homelessness within a given administrative service unit, known as a Continuum of Care. We demonstrate the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zack W. Almquist , Ashley Hazel , Owen Kajfasz , Janelle Rothfolk , Claire Guilmette , Mary-Catherine Anderson , Larisa Ozeryansky , Amy Hagopian