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We study the problem of estimating low-rank matrices from linear measurements (a.k.a., matrix sensing) through nonconvex optimization. We propose an efficient stochastic variance reduced gradient descent algorithm to solve a nonconvex…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-01-17 Xiao Zhang , Lingxiao Wang , Quanquan Gu

Training neural networks with discrete stochastic variables presents a unique challenge. Backpropagation is not directly applicable, nor are the reparameterization tricks used in networks with continuous stochastic variables. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Kenny Young

Stochasticity and limited precision of synaptic weights in neural network models are key aspects of both biological and hardware modeling of learning processes. Here we show that a neural network model with stochastic binary weights…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-07-04 Carlo Baldassi , Federica Gerace , Hilbert J. Kappen , Carlo Lucibello , Luca Saglietti , Enzo Tartaglione , Riccardo Zecchina

We consider a distributed stochastic optimization problem in networks with finite number of nodes. Each node adjusts its action to optimize the global utility of the network, which is defined as the sum of local utilities of all nodes.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Wenjie Li , Mohamad Assaad

Neural networks are trained primarily based on their inputs and outputs, without regard for their internal mechanisms. These neglected mechanisms determine properties that are critical for safety, like (i) transparency; (ii) the absence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Alex Cloud , Jacob Goldman-Wetzler , Evžen Wybitul , Joseph Miller , Alexander Matt Turner

Training spiking neural networks to approximate universal functions is essential for studying information processing in the brain and for neuromorphic computing. Yet the binary nature of spikes poses a challenge for direct gradient-based…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Julia Gygax , Friedemann Zenke

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a very popular class of neural solvers for partial differential equations. In practice, one often employs stochastic gradient descent type algorithms to train the neural network. Therefore,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Bangti Jin , Longjun Wu

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a popular and efficient method with wide applications in training deep neural nets and other nonconvex models. While the behavior of SGD is well understood in the convex learning setting, the existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-16 Yunwen Lei , Ting Hu , Guiying Li , Ke Tang

In this paper, we aim at providing an introduction to the gradient descent based optimization algorithms for learning deep neural network models. Deep learning models involving multiple nonlinear projection layers are very challenging to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Jiawei Zhang

We propose a method for extending the technique of equilibrium propagation for estimating gradients in fixed-point neural networks to the more general setting of directed, time-varying neural networks by modeling them as electrical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Jack Kendall

Three classes of stochastic networks and their performance measures are considered. These performance measures are defined as the expected value of some random variables and cannot normally be obtained analytically as functions of network…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-10-24 Nikolai Krivulin

This work develops a new method for estimating and optimizing the directed information rate between two jointly stationary and ergodic stochastic processes. Building upon recent advances in machine learning, we propose a recurrent neural…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Dor Tsur , Ziv Aharoni , Ziv Goldfeld , Haim Permuter

The Backprop algorithm for learning in neural networks utilizes two mechanisms: first, stochastic gradient descent and second, initialization with small random weights, where the latter is essential to the effectiveness of the former. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Shibhansh Dohare , Richard S. Sutton , A. Rupam Mahmood

Many applications of deep learning for image generation use perceptual losses for either training or fine-tuning of the generator networks. The use of perceptual loss however incurs repeated forward-backward passes in a large image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Dmitry Nikulin , Roman Suvorov , Aleksei Ivakhnenko , Victor Lempitsky

Large language model (LLM) training is often bottlenecked by memory constraints and stochastic gradient noise in extremely high-dimensional parameter spaces. Motivated by empirical evidence that many LLM gradient matrices are effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zehao Li , Tao Ren , Zishi Zhang , Xi Chen , Yijie Peng

We present a method of estimating the gradient of an objective function with respect to the synaptic weights of a spiking neural network. The method works by measuring the fluctuations in the objective function in response to dynamic…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Ila R. Fiete , H. Sebastian Seung

In this paper we introduce a family of stochastic gradient estimation techniques based of the perturbative expansion around the mean of the sampling distribution. We characterize the bias and variance of the resulting Taylor-corrected…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-18 Luca Ambrogioni , Marcel A. J. van Gerven

Neural networks can be used to learn the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) on arbitrary domains without requiring a computational mesh. Common approaches integrate differential operators in training neural networks using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Shamsulhaq Basir , Inanc Senocak

We introduce a mathematically rigorous framework based on rough path theory to model stochastic spiking neural networks (SSNNs) as stochastic differential equations with event discontinuities (Event SDEs) and driven by c\`adl\`ag rough…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-24 Christian Holberg , Cristopher Salvi

The representation of functions by artificial neural networks depends on a large number of parameters in a non-linear fashion. Suitable parameters of these are found by minimizing a 'loss functional', typically by stochastic gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Stephan Wojtowytsch