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To better understand the radio signal emitted by extensive air-showers and to further develop the radio detection technique of high-energy cosmic rays, the LOPES experiment was reconfigured to LOPES-3D. LOPES-3D is able to measure all three…

LOPES is a digitally read out antenna array consisting of 30 calibrated dipole antennas. It is located at the site of the KASCADE-Grande experiment at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe and measures the radio emission of cosmic ray air showers in…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 Frank G. Schröder

LOPES is a digital radio interferometer located at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany, which measures radio emission from extensive air showers at MHz frequencies in coincidence with KASCADE-Grande. In this article, we explore…

The radio detection method for cosmic rays relies on coherent emission from electrons and positrons which is beamed in a narrow cone along the shower axis. Currently the only mod- els to reproduce this emission with sufficient accuracy are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-08-09 David Butler , Tim Huege , Olaf Scholten

First analyses of coincident data of the LOPES (LOfar PrototypE Station) radio antennas with the particle air shower experiment KASCADE-Grande show basic correlations in the observed shower parameters, like the strength of the radio signal…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-05 A. Haungs , LOPES Collaboration

One successful detection technique for high-energy cosmic rays is based on the radio signal emitted by the charged particles in an air shower. The LOPES experiment at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, has made major contributions…

The sensitivity to the mass composition as well as the reconstruction of the energy of the primary particle are explored here by leveraging the features of the radio lateral distribution function. For the purpose of this analysis, a set of…

Radio pulses emitted in the atmosphere during the air shower development of high-energy primary cosmic rays were measured during the late 1960ies in the frequency range from 2 MHz to 520 MHz. Mainly due to difficulties with radio…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 LOPES Collaboration , A. Horneffer

Simulations of radio emission from extensive air showers we have published so far were performed with a Monte Carlo code using analytical parametrisations to describe the spatial, temporal, energy and angular particle distributions in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 T. Huege , R. Ulrich , R. Engel

LOPES 3D is able to measure all three components of the electric field vector of the radio emission from air showers. This allows a better comparison with emission models. The measurement of the vertical component increases the sensitivity…

Recently, the energy determination of extensive air showers using radio emission has been shown to be both precise and accurate. In particular, radio detection offers the opportunity for an independent measurement of the absolute energy of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-08-17 Marvin Gottowik , Christian Glaser , Tim Huege , Julian Rautenberg

The detection of extensive air showers (EAS) induced by cosmic rays via radio signals has undergone significant advancements in the last two decades. Numerous ultra-high energy cosmic ray experiments routinely capture radio pulses in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-14 Carlo S. Cruz Sanchez , Patricia M. Hansen , Matias Tueros , Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz , Diego G. Melo

The radio technique for the detection of cosmic particles has seen a major revival in recent years. New and planned experiments in the lab and the field, such as GLUE, Anita, LUNASKA, Codalema, LOPES as well as sophisticated Monte Carlo…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-15 Heino Falcke

The study of high energy cosmic rays requires detailed Monte Carlo simulations of both, extensive air showers and the detectors involved in their detection. In particular, the energy calibration of several experiments is obtained from…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-02-18 A. D. Supanitsky , G. Medina-Tanco

Simulations of the radio emission from extensive air showers have been key in establishing radio detection as a mature and competitive technique. In particular, microscopic Monte Carlo simulations have proven to very accurately describe the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-18 Tim Huege

Cosmic rays with energy exceeding ~ 10^{18} eV are referred to as ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Monte Carlo codes for extensive air shower (EAS) simulate the development of EASs initiated by UHECRs in the Earth's atmosphere.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-12 Soonyoung Roh , Jihee Kim , Dongsu Ryu , Hyesung Kang , Katsuaki Kasahara , Eiji Kido , Akimichi Taketa

Multi-detector observations of individual air showers are critical to make significant progress to precisely determine cosmic-ray quantities such as mass and energy of individual events and thus bring us a step forward in answering the open…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-22 Alan Coleman

Digital radio antenna arrays, like LOPES (LOFAR PrototypE Station), detect high-energy cosmic rays via the radio emission from atmospheric extensive air showers. LOPES is an array of dipole antennas placed within and triggered by the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2012-05-14 F. G. Schröder , T. Asch , L. Bähren , J. Blümer , H. Bozdog , H. Falcke , A. Haungs , A. Horneffer , T. Huege , P. G. Isar , O. Krömer , S. Nehls

We present time-domain Monte Carlo simulations of radio emission from cosmic ray air showers in the scheme of coherent geosynchrotron radiation. Our model takes into account the important air shower characteristics such as the lateral and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Tim Huege , Heino Falcke

The LOPES experiment, a digital radio interferometer located at KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), obtained remarkable results for the detection of radio emission from extensive air showers at MHz frequencies. Features of the radio…