Related papers: Saccheri's Rectilinear Quadrilaterals
We trace the development of arguments for the consistency of non-Euclidean geometries and for the independence of the parallel postulate, showing how the arguments become more rigorous as a formal conception of geometry is introduced. We…
Four points ordered in the positive order on the unit circle determine the vertices of a quadrilateral, which is considered either as a euclidean or as a hyperbolic quadrilateral depending on whether the lines connecting the vertices are…
The family of Euclidean triangles having some fixed perimeter and area can be identified with a subset of points on a nonsingular cubic plane curve, i.e., an elliptic curve; furthermore, if the perimeter and the square of the area are…
In $\mathbb{R}^3$, a hyperbolic paraboloid is a classical saddle-shaped quadric surface. Recently, Elser has modeled problems arising in Deep Learning using rectangular hyperbolic paraboloids in $\mathbb{R}^n$. Motivated by his work, we…
Using concepts and techniques of bilinear algebra, we construct hyperbolic planes over a euclidean ordered field that satisfy all the Hilbert axioms of incidence, order and congruence for a basic plane geometry, but for which the hyperbolic…
We investigate several topics of triangle geometry in the elliptic and in the extended hyperbolic plane, such as: centers based on orthogonality, centers related to circumcircles and incircles, radical centers and centers of similitude,…
We use Herbrand's theorem to give a new proof that Euclid's parallel axiom is not derivable from the other axioms of first-order Euclidean geometry. Previous proofs involve constructing models of non-Euclidean geometry. This proof uses a…
Certain topics on polygons are extended from Euclidean to hyperbolic geometry. This first part deals with uniqueness and existence of cocyclic polygons with prescribed sidelengths. The non-Euclidean versions are more difficult due to the…
In Euclidean geometry, the Pythagorean theorem is presented as an equation involving three squares. This paper explores how analogous expressions may be identified in spherical and hyperbolic geometries.
The "Perpendicular Bisectors Construction" is a natural way to seek a replacement for the circumcenter of a noncyclic quadrilateral in the plane. In this paper, we generalize this iterative construction to a construction on polytopes with…
In this article, we prove a theorem comparing the dihedral angles of simplices in the hyperbolic, spherical and Euclidean geometries.
A parallelogram is conformally inscribed in four lines in the plane if it is inscribed in a scaled copy of the configuration of four lines. We describe the geometry of the three-dimensional Euclidean space whose points are the…
The Newton line and the associated theorems by Newton and Gauss for tetragons and quadrilaterals are closely linked to some other theorems of Euclidean geometry: a theorem by Bocher on the existence of a nine-point conic of a quadrangle, a…
The Miquel-Steiner theorem for a quadrilateral in the Euclidean plane states that the circumcircles of the four component triangles intersect at a single point, which now is called the Miquel-Steiner point of the quadrilateral. In elliptic…
It is known that the space of convex polygons in the Euclidean plane with fixed normals, up to homotheties and translations, endowed with the area form, is isometric to a hyperbolic polyhedron. In this note we show a class of convex…
Newton's quadrilateral theorem can be phrased as follows. If H is a circle that is tangent to the four extended sides of a non-parallelogram quadrilateral Q, the center of H lies on the Newton line of Q. We prove that the theorem remains…
A spherical quadrilateral is a bordered surface homeomorphic to a closed disk, with four distinguished boundary points called corners, equipped with a Riemannian metric of constant curvature 1, except at the corners, and such that the…
We present a proof that the hyperbolic plane cannot be isometrically immersed in Euclidean $3$-space by a $C^\infty$ map. Ideas from many topics in (essentially) undergraduate mathematics are applied; the use of moving frames and connection…
We study the Dirichlet problem for harmonic maps between hyperbolic planes, under the assumption that the Euclidean harmonic extension of the boundary map is quasiconformal.
Euclidean geometry consists of straightedge-and-compass constructions and reasoning about the results of those constructions. We show that Euclidean geometry can be developed using only intuitionistic logic. We consider three versions of…