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Understanding and extracting of information from large documents, such as business opportunities, academic articles, medical documents and technical reports, poses challenges not present in short documents. Such large documents may be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman , Tim Finin

The first step to handle semantic heterogeneity should be the attempt to enrich the semantic information about documents, i.e. to fill up the gaps in the documents meta-data automatically. Section 2 describes a set of cascading deductive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2011-02-21 Heiko Hellweg , Jürgen Krause , Thomas Mandl , Jutta Marx , Matthias N. O. Müller , Peter Mutschke , Robert Strötgen

Extraction and interpretation of intricate information from unstructured text data arising in financial applications, such as earnings call transcripts, present substantial challenges to large language models (LLMs) even using the current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Bhaskarjit Sarmah , Benika Hall , Rohan Rao , Sunil Patel , Stefano Pasquali , Dhagash Mehta

Complex information needs in real-world search scenarios demand deep reasoning and knowledge synthesis across diverse sources, which traditional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines struggle to address effectively. Current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Jiajie Jin , Xiaoxi Li , Guanting Dong , Yuyao Zhang , Yutao Zhu , Yang Zhao , Hongjin Qian , Zhicheng Dou

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models with external knowledge, and tree-based RAG organizes documents into hierarchical indexes to support queries at multiple granularities. However, existing Tree-RAG methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Ziwen Zhao , Menglin Yang

Large language models with retrieval-augmented generation encounter a pivotal challenge in intricate retrieval tasks, e.g., multi-hop question answering, which requires the model to navigate across multiple documents and generate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Weijie Chen , Ting Bai , Jinbo Su , Jian Luan , Wei Liu , Chuan Shi

We develop an abstractive summarization framework independent of labeled data for multiple heterogeneous documents. Unlike existing multi-document summarization methods, our framework processes documents telling different stories instead of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Ning Wang , Han Liu , Diego Klabjan

Tagging items with descriptive annotations or keywords is a very natural way to compress and highlight information about the properties of the given entity. Over the years several methods have been proposed for extracting a hierarchy…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-01-23 Gergely Tibély , Péter Pollner , Tamás Vicsek , Gergely Palla

Misinformation detection is a critical task that can benefit significantly from the integration of external knowledge, much like manual fact-checking. In this work, we propose a novel method for representing textual documents that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Géraud Faye , Wassila Ouerdane , Guillaume Gadek , Sylvain Gatepaille , Céline Hudelot

This research paper addresses the limitations of semantic search in complex enterprise document ecosystems. Traditional RAG pipelines often fail to capture hierarchical and interconnected information, leading to retrieval inaccuracies. We…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Koushik Chakraborty , Koyel Guha

Document collections of various domains, e.g., legal, medical, or financial, often share some underlying collection-wide structure, which captures information that can aid both human users and structure-aware models. We propose to identify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Gili Lior , Yoav Goldberg , Gabriel Stanovsky

Keyphrases provide semantic metadata that summarize and characterize documents. This paper describes Kea, an algorithm for automatically extracting keyphrases from text. Kea identifies candidate keyphrases using lexical methods, calculates…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Ian H. Witten , Gordon W. Paynter , Eibe Frank , Carl Gutwin , Craig G. Nevill-Manning

Despite the occurrence of elegant algorithms for solving complex problem, exhaustive search has retained its significance since many real-life problems exhibit no regular structure and exhaustive search is the only possible solution. The…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2012-01-04 Toni Stojanovski , Ljupco Krstevski

Proprietary corporate documents contain rich domain-specific knowledge, but their overwhelming volume and disorganized structure make it difficult even for employees to access the right information when needed. For example, in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Nayoung Choi , Grace Byun , Andrew Chung , Ellie S. Paek , Shinsun Lee , Jinho D. Choi

Traditional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems employ brute-force inner product search to retrieve the top-k most similar documents, then combined with the user query and passed to a language model. This allows the model to access…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Chia-Heng Yu , Yen-Lung Tsai

Procedures are an important knowledge component of documents that can be leveraged by cognitive assistants for automation, question-answering or driving a conversation. It is a challenging problem to parse big dense documents like product…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Shivali Agarwal , Shubham Atreja , Vikas Agarwal

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems address complex user requests by decomposing them into subqueries, retrieving potentially relevant documents for each, and then aggregating them to generate an answer. Efficiently selecting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Roxana Petcu , Kenton Murray , Daniel Khashabi , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh

We present a very simple, unsupervised method for the pairwise matching of documents from heterogeneous collections. We demonstrate our method with the Concept-Project matching task, which is a binary classification task involving pairs of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Mark-Christoph Müller

The increasing use of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems in various applications necessitates stringent protocols to ensure RAG systems accuracy, safety, and alignment with user intentions. In this paper, we introduce VERA…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Tianyu Ding , Adi Banerjee , Laurent Mombaerts , Yunhong Li , Tarik Borogovac , Juan Pablo De la Cruz Weinstein

We present a new benchmark for evaluating Deep Search--a realistic and complex form of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) that requires source-aware, multi-hop reasoning over diverse, sparsed, but related sources. These include documents,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Prafulla Kumar Choubey , Xiangyu Peng , Shilpa Bhagavath , Kung-Hsiang Huang , Caiming Xiong , Chien-Sheng Wu