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In dyadic models of indirect reciprocity, the receivers' history of giving has a significant impact on the donor's decision. When the interaction involves more than two agents things become more complicated, and in large groups cooperation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-04-21 Daniele Vilone , Francesca Giardini , Mario Paolucci

Many real systems are strongly characterized by collective cooperative phenomena whose existence and properties still need a satisfactory explanation. Coherently with their collective nature, they call for new and more accurate descriptions…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-07-30 Giulio Burgio , Joan T. Matamalas , Sergio Gómez , Alex Arenas

Non-binding communication is common in daily life and crucial for fostering cooperation, even though it has no direct payoff consequences. However, despite robust empirical evidence, its evolutionary basis remains poorly understood. Here,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-15 Zhao Song , Chen Shen , The Anh Han

Properly coordinating cooperation is relevant for resolving public good problems such as clean energy and environmental protection. However, little is known about how individuals can coordinate themselves for a certain level of cooperation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-04-26 Tatsuya Sasaki , Satoshi Uchida

The dynamics of herd immunity depend crucially on the interaction between collective social behavior and disease transmission, but the role of heterogeneity in this context frequently remains unclear. Here, we dissect this co-evolutionary…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-05 Mehran Noori , Nahid Azimi-Tafreshi , Mohammad Salahshour

The very notion of social network implies that linked individuals interact repeatedly with each other. This allows them not only to learn successful strategies and adapt to them, but also to condition their own behavior on the behavior of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-27 Luca Dall'Asta , Matteo Marsili , Paolo Pin

We propose a model of emergence of cooperation in evolutionary games that high- lights the role of network formation and effect of network structure. In line with empirical data, the model proposes a mechanism that explains the persistence…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2008-12-14 David Chavalarias

Cooperation lies at the foundations of human societies, yet why people cooperate remains a conundrum. The issue, known as network reciprocity, of whether population structure can foster cooperative behavior in social dilemmas has been…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-09-23 Giulio Cimini , Angel Sánchez

Understanding the emergence of cooperation in social networks has advanced through pairwise interactions, but the corresponding theory for group-based public goods games (PGGs) remains less explored. Here, we provide theoretical conditions…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Chaoqian Wang , Qi Su

Evolutionary game theory predicts that cooperation in social dilemma games is promoted when agents are connected as a network. However, when networks are fixed over time, humans do not necessarily show enhanced mutual cooperation. Here we…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-02-07 Takahiro Ezaki , Naoki Masuda

Many biological and social systems show significant levels of collective action. Several cooperation mechanisms have been proposed, yet they have been mostly studied independently. Among these, direct reciprocity supports cooperation on the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-04-15 Luis A. Martinez-Vaquero , Francisco C. Santos , Vito Trianni

People tend to have their social interactions with members of their own community. Such group-structured interactions can have a profound impact on the behaviors that evolve. Group structure affects the way people cooperate, and how they…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-09 Yohsuke Murase , Christian Hilbe , Seung Ki Baek

Understanding the emergence of prosocial behaviours (e.g., cooperation and trust) among self-interested agents is an important problem in many disciplines. Network structure and institutional incentives (e.g., punishing antisocial agents)…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-03-29 Ik Soo Lim , Valerio Capraro

Indirect reciprocity unveils how social cooperation is founded upon moral systems. Within the frame of dyadic games based on individual reputations, the "leading-eight" strategies distinguish themselves in promoting and sustaining…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-10-22 Ming Wei , Xin Wang , Longzhao Liu , Hongwei Zheng , Yishen Jiang , Yajing Hao , Zhiming Zheng , Feng Fu , Shaoting Tang

Upstream reciprocity (also called generalized reciprocity) is a putative mechanism for cooperation in social dilemma situations with which players help others when they are helped by somebody else. It is a type of indirect reciprocity.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-10-11 Naoki Masuda

The evolutionary dynamics of the Public Goods game addresses the emergence of cooperation within groups of individuals. However, the Public Goods game on large populations of interconnected individuals has been usually modeled without any…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-20 J. Gómez-Gardeñes , M. Romance , R. Criado , D. Vilone , A. Sánchez

Cooperation is an important research object in economics, sociology, and biology, and the evolution of cooperation in structured populations is a interesting research topic. We mainly focus on the evolution of cooperation with two-order and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-10-14 Yihe Ma

The emergence of cooperation in the groups of interacting agents is one of the most fascinating phenomena observed in many complex systems studied in social science and ecology, even in the situations where one would expect the agent to use…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-12 Jarosław Adam Miszczak

The lack of cooperation can easily result in inequality among members of a society, which provides an increasing gap between individual incomes. To tackle this issue, we introduce an incentive mechanism based on individual strategies and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-24 Luo-Luo Jiang , Yi-Ming Li , Wen-Jing Li , Attila Szolnoki

How cooperation emerges in human societies is both an evolutionary enigma, and a practical problem with tangible implications for societal health. Population structure has long been recognized as a catalyst for cooperation because local…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-06 Qi Su , Joshua. B Plotkin