Related papers: High-energy cosmic rays measured with KASCADE-Gran…

Measurement of the Proton Maximum Acceleration Energy in Galactic Cosmic Rays

Cosmic rays represent one of the most important energy transformation processes of the universe. They bring information about the surrounding universe, our galaxy, and very probably also the extragalactic space, at least at the highest…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-07 G. Di Sciascio , INFN - Roma Tor Vergata

A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 10^{17} - 10^{17.5} eV from radio observations

Cosmic rays are the highest energy particles found in nature. Measurements of the mass composition of cosmic rays between 10^{17} eV and 10^{18} eV are essential to understand whether this energy range is dominated by Galactic or…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-05-03 S. Buitink , A. Corstanje , H. Falcke , J. R. Hörandel , T. Huege , A. Nelles , J. P. Rachen , L. Rossetto , P . Schellart , O. Scholten , S. ter Veen , S. Thoudam , T. N. G. Trinh , J. Anderson , A. Asgekar , I. M. Avruch , M. E. Bell , M. J. Bentum , G. Bernardi , P. Best , A. Bonafede , F. Breitling , J. W. Broderick , W. N. Brouw , M. Brüggen , H. R. Butcher , D. Carbone , B. Ciardi , J. E. Conway , F. de Gasperin , E. de Geus , A. Deller , R. -J. Dettmar , G. van Diepen , S. Duscha , J. Eislöffel , D. Engels , J. E. Enriquez , R. A. Fallows , R. Fender , C. Ferrari , W. Frieswijk , M. A. Garrett , J. M. Griessmeier , A. W. Gunst , M. P. van Haarlem , T. E. Hassall , G. Heald , J. W. T. Hessels , M. Hoeft , A. Horneffer , M. Iacobelli , H. Intema , E. Juette , A. Karastergiou , V. I. Kondratiev , M. Kramer , M. Kuniyoshi , G. Kuper , J. van Leeuwen , G. M. Loose , P. Maat , G. Mann , S. Markoff , R. McFadden , D. McKay-Bukowski , J. P. McKean , M. Mevius , D. D. Mulcahy , H. Munk , M. J. Norden , E. Orru , H. Paas , M. Pandey-Pommier , V. N. Pandey , M. Pietka , R. Pizzo , A. G. Polatidis , W. Reich , H. J. A. Röttgering , A. M. M. Scaife , D. J. Schwarz , M. Serylak , J. Sluman , O. Smirnov , B. W. Stappers , M. Steinmetz , A. Stewart , J. Swinbank , M. Tagger , Y. Tang , C. Tasse , M. C. Toribio , R. Vermeulen , C. Vocks , C. Vogt , R. J. van Weeren , R. A. M. J. Wijers , S. J. Wijnholds , M. W. Wise , O. Wucknitz , S. Yatawatta , P. Zarka , J. A. Zensus

The primary cosmic ray composition between 10**15 and 10**16 eV from Extensive Air Showers electromagnetic and TeV muon data

The cosmic ray primary composition in the energy range between 10**15 and 10**16 eV, i.e., around the "knee" of the primary spectrum, has been studied through the combined measurements of the EAS-TOP air shower array (2005 m a.s.l., 10**5…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 TOP Collaboration , MACRO Collaboration

Cosmic ray physics with ARGO-YBJ

The ARGO--YBJ experiment has been in stable data taking for more than five years at the Yangbajing cosmic ray observatory (Tibet, P.R. China, 4300 m a.s.l.). The detector collected about $5\times10^{11}$ events in a wide energy range from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-04 Paolo Montini

Observation of Polarised Microwave Emission from Cosmic Ray Air Showers

We report on the first direct measurement of the basic features of microwave radio emission from extensive air showers. Using a trigger provided by the KASCADE-Grande air shower array, the signals of the microwave antennas of the CROME…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-07-01 R. Smida , F. Werner , R. Engel , J. C. Arteaga-Velazquez , K. Bekk , M. Bertaina , J. Bluemer , H. Bozdog , I. M. Brancus , A. Chiavassa , F. Cossavella , F. Di Pierro , P. Doll , B. Fuchs , D. Fuhrmann , C. Grupen , A. Haungs , D. Heck , J. R. Hoerandel , D. Huber , T. Huege , K. -H. Kampert , D. Kang , H. Klages , M. Kleifges , O. Kroemer , K. Link , P. Luczak , M. Ludwig , H. J. Mathes , H. J. Mayer , S. Mathys , M. Melissas , C. Morello , P. Neunteufel , J. Oehlschlaeger , N. Palmieri , J. Pekala , T. Pierog , J. Rautenberg , H. Rebel , M. Riegel , M. Roth , F. Salamida , H. Schieler , S. Schoo , F. G. Schroeder , O. Sima , J. Stasielak , G. Toma , G. C. Trinchero , M. Unger , M. Weber , A. Weindl , H. Wilczynski , M. Will , J. Wochele , J. Zabierowski

Observation of Anisotropy in the Arrival Direction Distribution of TeV Cosmic Rays with HAWC

The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory, located 4100 m above sea level near Sierra Negra (19$^\circ$ N) in Mexico, is sensitive to gamma rays and cosmic rays at TeV energies. The arrival direction distribution of cosmic rays…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 S. Y. BenZvi , D. W. Fiorino , S. Westerhoff

Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray and Neutrino Observations

Recent measurements of ultra-high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos are briefly reviewed. With several new large scale observatories nearing completion or becoming fully operational only very recently, a large body of high quality and high…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 Karl-Heinz Kampert

Cosmic ray mass composition measurement in the energy range from $10^{16.5}$ eV to $10^{18.5}$ eV observed with the TALE hybrid detector

We report on the cosmic ray mass composition measured by the Telescope Array Low-energy Extension (TALE) hybrid detector. The TALE detector consists of a fluorescence detector (FD) station with 10 FD telescopes located at the Telescope…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-30 Telescope Array Collaboration , R. U. Abbasi , T. Abu-Zayyad , M. Allen , J. W. Belz , D. R. Bergman , F. Bradfield , I. Buckland , W. Campbell , B. G. Cheon , K. Endo , A. Fedynitch , T. Fujii , K. Fujisue , K. Fujita , M. Fukushima , G. Furlich , A. Gálvez Ureña , Z. Gerber , N. Globus , T. Hanaoka , W. Hanlon , N. Hayashida , H. He , K. Hibino , R. Higuchi , D. Ikeda , D. Ivanov , S. Jeong , C. C. H. Jui , K. Kadota , F. Kakimoto , O. Kalashev , K. Kasahara , Y. Kawachi , K. Kawata , I. Kharuk , E. Kido , H. B. Kim , J. H. Kim , J. H. Kim , S. W. Kim , R. Kobo , I. Komae , K. Komatsu , K. Komori , A. Korochkin , C. Koyama , M. Kudenko , M. Kuroiwa , Y. Kusumori , M. Kuznetsov , Y. J. Kwon , K. H. Lee , M. J. Lee , B. Lubsandorzhiev , J. P. Lundquist , H. Matsushita , A. Matsuzawa , J. A. Matthews , J. N. Matthews , K. Mizuno , M. Mori , S. Nagataki , K. Nakagawa , M. Nakahara , H. Nakamura , T. Nakamura , T. Nakayama , Y. Nakayama , K. Nakazawa , T. Nonaka , S. Ogio , H. Ohoka , N. Okazaki , M. Onishi , A. Oshima , H. Oshima , S. Ozawa , I. H. Park , K. Y. Park , M. Potts , M. Przybylak , M. S. Pshirkov , J. Remington , C. Rott , G. I. Rubtsov , D. Ryu , H. Sagawa , N. Sakaki , R. Sakamoto , T. Sako , N. Sakurai , S. Sakurai , D. Sato , K. Sekino , T. Shibata , J. Shikita , H. Shimodaira , H. S. Shin , K. Shinozaki , J. D. Smith , P. Sokolsky , B. T. Stokes , T. A. Stroman , H. Tachibana , K. Takahashi , M. Takeda , R. Takeishi , A. Taketa , M. Takita , Y. Tameda , K. Tanaka , M. Tanaka , M. Teramoto , S. B. Thomas , G. B. Thomson , P. Tinyakov , I. Tkachev , T. Tomida , S. Troitsky , Y. Tsunesada , S. Udo , F. R. Urban , M. Vrábel , D. Warren , K. Yamazaki , Y. Zhezher , Z. Zundel , J. Zvirzdin

Air Fluorescence Relevant for Cosmic-Ray Detection - Summary of the 5th Fluorescence Workshop, El Escorial 2007

High-energy cosmic rays with energies exceeding $10^{17}$ eV are frequently observed by measurements of the fluorescence light induced by air showers. A major contribution to the systematic uncertainties of the absolute energy scale of such…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-29 Fernando Arqueros , Joerg R. Hoerandel , Bianca Keilhauer

Radio Detection of Cosmic Rays -- Achievements and Future Potential

When modern efforts for radio detection of cosmic rays started about a decade ago, hopes were high but the true potential was unknown. Since then, we have achieved a detailed understanding of the radio emission physics and have consequently…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-14 Tim Huege

Radio Detection of Cosmic Ray Air Shower by the CODALEMA Experiment

The possibilities of measuring Extremely High Energy Cosmic Rays (EHECR) by radio detection of electromagnetic pulses radiated during the development of extensive air showers in the atmosphere are investigated. We present the demonstrative…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 O. Ravel , R. Dallier , L. Denis , T. Gousset , F. Haddad , P. Lautridou , A. Lecacheux , E. Morteau , C. Rosolen , C. Roy

A New Method to Reconstruct the Energy and Determine the Composition of Cosmic Rays from the Measurement of Cherenkov Light and Particle Densities in Extensive Air Showers

A Monte-Carlo study to reconstruct energy and mass of cosmic rays with energies above 300 TeV using ground based measurements of the electromagnetic part of showers initiated in the atmosphere is presented. The shower properties determined…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Lindner

Precise measurements of the cosmic ray proton energy spectrum in the "knee'' region

We report the high-purity identification of cosmic-ray (CR) protons and a precise measurement of their energy spectrum from 0.15 to 12 PeV using the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Abundant event statistics, combined…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-29 The LHAASO Collaboration , Zhen Cao , F. Aharonian , Y. X. Bai , Y. W. Bao , D. Bastieri , X. J. Bi , Y. J. Bi , W. Bian , A. V. Bukevich , C. M. Cai , W. Y. Cao , Zhe Cao , J. Chang , J. F. Chang , A. M. Chen , E. S. Chen , G. H. Chen , H. X. Chen , Liang Chen , Long Chen , M. J. Chen , M. L. Chen , Q. H. Chen , S. Chen , S. H. Chen , S. Z. Chen , T. L. Chen , X. B. Chen , X. J. Chen , Y. Chen , N. Cheng , Y. D. Cheng , M. C. Chu , M. Y. Cui , S. W. Cui , X. H. Cui , Y. D. Cui , B. Z. Dai , H. L. Dai , Z. G. Dai , Danzengluobu , Y. X. Diao , X. Q. Dong , K. K. Duan , J. H. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , J. Fang , J. H. Fang , K. Fang , C. F. Feng , H. Feng , L. Feng , S. H. Feng , X. T. Feng , Y. Feng , Y. L. Feng , S. Gabici , B. Gao , C. D. Gao , Q. Gao , W. Gao , W. K. Gao , M. M. Ge , T. T. Ge , L. S. Geng , G. Giacinti , G. H. Gong , Q. B. Gou , M. H. Gu , F. L. Guo , J. Guo , X. L. Guo , Y. Q. Guo , Y. Y. Guo , Y. A. Han , O. A. Hannuksela , M. Hasan , H. H. He , H. N. He , J. Y. He , X. Y. He , Y. He , S. Hernandez-Cadena , B. W. Hou , C. Hou , X. Hou , H. B. Hu , S. C. Hu , C. Huang , D. H. Huang , J. J. Huang , T. Q. Huang , W. J. Huang , X. T. Huang , X. Y. Huang , Y. Huang , Y. Y. Huang , X. L. Ji , H. Y. Jia , K. Jia , H. B. Jiang , K. Jiang , X. W. Jiang , Z. J. Jiang , M. Jin , S. Kaci , M. M. Kang , I. Karpikov , D. Khangulyan , D. Kuleshov , K. Kurinov , B. B. Li , Cheng Li , Cong Li , D. Li , F. Li , H. B. Li , H. C. Li , Jian Li , Jie Li , K. Li , L. Li , R. L. Li , S. D. Li , T. Y. Li , W. L. Li , X. R. Li , Xin Li , Y. Li , Y. Z. Li , Zhe Li , Zhuo Li , E. W. Liang , Y. F. Liang , S. J. Lin , P. Lipari , B. Liu , C. Liu , D. Liu , D. B. Liu , H. Liu , H. D. Liu , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , J. R. Liu , M. Y. Liu , R. Y. Liu , S. M. Liu , W. Liu , X. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. N. Liu , Y. Q. Lou , Q. Luo , Y. Luo , H. K. Lv , B. Q. Ma , L. L. Ma , X. H. Ma , J. R. Mao , Z. Min , W. Mitthumsiri , G. B. Mou , H. J. Mu , A. Neronov , K. C. Y. Ng , M. Y. Ni , L. Nie , L. J. Ou , P. Pattarakijwanich , Z. Y. Pei , J. C. Qi , M. Y. Qi , J. J. Qin , A. Raza , C. Y. Ren , D. Ruffolo , A. Saiz , D. Semikoz , L. Shao , O. Shchegolev , Y. Z. Shen , X. D. Sheng , Z. D. Shi , F. W. Shu , H. C. Song , V. Stepanov , Y. Su , D. X. Sun , H. Sun , Q. N. Sun , X. N. Sun , Z. B. Sun , N. H. Tabasam , J. Takata , P. H. T. Tam , H. B. Tan , Q. W. Tang , R. Tang , Z. B. Tang , W. W. Tian , C. N. Tong , L. H. Wan , C. Wang , G. W. Wang , H. G. Wang , J. C. Wang , K. Wang , Kai Wang , Kai Wang , L. P. Wang , L. Y. Wang , L. Y. Wang , R. Wang , W. Wang , X. G. Wang , X. J. Wang , X. Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. D. Wang , Z. H. Wang , Z. X. Wang , Zheng Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. J. Wei , T. Wen , S. S. Weng , C. Y. Wu , H. R. Wu , Q. W. Wu , S. Wu , X. F. Wu , Y. S. Wu , S. Q. Xi , J. Xia , J. J. Xia , G. M. Xiang , D. X. Xiao , G. Xiao , Y. L. Xin , Y. Xing , D. R. Xiong , Z. Xiong , D. L. Xu , R. F. Xu , R. X. Xu , W. L. Xu , L. Xue , D. H. Yan , T. Yan , C. W. Yang , C. Y. Yang , F. F. Yang , L. L. Yang , M. J. Yang , R. Z. Yang , W. X. Yang , Z. H. Yang , Z. G. Yao , X. A. Ye , L. Q. Yin , N. Yin , X. H. You , Z. Y. You , Q. Yuan , H. Yue , H. D. Zeng , T. X. Zeng , W. Zeng , X. T. Zeng , M. Zha , B. B. Zhang , B. T. Zhang , C. Zhang , F. Zhang , H. Zhang , H. M. Zhang , H. Y. Zhang , J. L. Zhang , Li Zhang , P. F. Zhang , P. P. Zhang , R. Zhang , S. R. Zhang , S. S. Zhang , W. Y. Zhang , X. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Yi Zhang , Yong Zhang , Z. P. Zhang , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , L. Z. Zhao , S. P. Zhao , X. H. Zhao , Z. H. Zhao , F. Zheng , W. J. Zhong , B. Zhou , H. Zhou , J. N. Zhou , M. Zhou , P. Zhou , R. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , B. Y. Zhu , C. G. Zhu , F. R. Zhu , H. Zhu , K. J. Zhu , Y. C. Zou , X. Zuo

Detection of cosmic rays in the PeV to EeV energy range

Cosmic rays around the knee are generally believed to be of galactic origin. Observations on their energy spectrum and chemical composition are important for understanding the acceleration and propagation of these cosmic rays. In addition,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-03-01 Donghwa Kang

Extension of the Cosmic-Ray Energy Spectrum Beyond the Predicted Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min Cutoff

The cosmic-ray energy spectrum above 10^{18.5} eV is reported using the updated data set of the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array (AGASA) from February 1990 to October 1997. The energy spectrum extends beyond 10^{20} eV and the energy gap…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 M. Takeda , N. Hayashida , K. Honda , N. Inoue , K. Kadota , F. Kakimoto , K. Kamata , S. Kawaguchi , Y. Kawasaki , N. Kawasumi , H. Kitamura , E. Kusano , Y. Matsubara , K. Murakami , M. Nagano , D. Nishikawa , H. Ohoka , N. Sakaki , M. Sasaki , K. Shinozaki , N. Souma , M. Teshima , R. Torii , I. Tsushima , Y. Uchihori , T. Yamamoto , S. Yoshida , H. Yoshii

Evidence for Radio Detection of Extensive Air Showers Induced by Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays

Firm evidence for a radio emission counterpart of cosmic ray air showers is presented. By the use of an antenna array set up in coincidence with ground particle detectors, we find a collection of events for which both time and arrival…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Ardouin , A. Bellétoile , D. Charrier , R. Dallier , T. Gousset , F. Haddad , J. Lamblin , P. Lautridou , O. Ravel , A. Lecacheux , L. Denis , P. Eschstruth , D. Monnier-Ragaigne

Research on the knee region of cosmic ray by using a novel type of electron-neutron detector array

By accurately measuring composition and energy spectrum of cosmic ray, the origin problem of so called "keen" region (energy > 1 PeV) can be solved. However, up to the present, the results of the spectrum in the knee region obtained by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-08 Bing-Bing Li , Xin-Hua Ma , Shu-Wang Cui , Hao-Kun Chen , Tian-Lu Chen , Danzengluobu , Wei Gao , Hai-Bing Hu , Denis Kuleshov , Kirill Kurinov , Hu Liu , Mao-Yuan Liu , Ye Liu , Da-Yu Peng , Yao-Hui Qi , Oleg Shchegolev , Yuri Stenkin , Li-Qiao Yin , Heng-Yu Zhang , Liang-Wei Zhang

Experimental Ultra--High-Energy Cosmic Ray Physics

One of the most striking astrophysical phenomena today is the existence of cosmic ray particles with energies in excess of 10^20 eV. While their presence has been confirmed by a number of experiments, it is not clear where and how these…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2009-11-11 Stefan Westerhoff

Mass Composition Studies of the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays

The determination of the mass composition of the highest energy cosmic rays is one of the greatest challenges in cosmic ray experiments. The highest energy cosmic rays are only detected indirectly because of their very low flux. Using the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 J. A. Bellido

The UHECR dipole and quadrupole in the latest data from the original Auger and TA surface detectors

The sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays are still unknown, but assuming standard physics, they are expected to lie within a few hundred megaparsecs from us. Indeed, over cosmological distances cosmic rays lose energy to interactions…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-21 Peter Tinyakov , Luis Anchordoqui , Teresa Bister , Jonathan Biteau , Lorenzo Caccianiga , Rogério de Almeida , Olivier Deligny , Armando di Matteo , Ugo Giaccari , Diego Harari , Jihyun Kim , Mikhail Kuznetsov , Ioana Mariş , Grigory Rubtsov , Sergey Troitsky , Federico Urban