Related papers: Charge without charge in quarks
The purpose of this article is twofold. On one hand, we rigorously derive the Newton--Maxwell equation in the Coulomb gauge from first principles of quantum electrodynamics in agreement with the formal Bohr's correspondence principle of…
The assumption is made that only transversely polarized photons are needed for a correct description of Quantum Electrodynamics. A simple mathematical transformation is used to introduce new field operators which satisfy the full Maxwell…
We study a system of electrons on a one-dimensional lattice, interacting through the long range Coulomb forces, by means of a variational technique which is the strong coupling analog of the Gutzwiller approach. The problem is thus the…
We consider non-relativistic systems in quantum mechanics interacting through the Coulomb potential, and discuss the existence of bound states which are stable against spontaneous dissociation into smaller atoms or ions. We review the…
Coulomb charges confined by a harmonic potential display a rich structure at strong coupling, both classical and quantum. A simple density functional theory is reviewed showing the essential role of correlations in forming shell structure…
The quantum theory of the Coulomb field has been developed by Staruszkiewicz in the long series of papers. This theory explains the universality and quantization of the electric charge observed in Nature. Moreover, the efforts have been…
We present a detailed derivation of the renormalization group equations for two dimensional electromagnetic Coulomb gases whose charges lie on a triangular lattice (magnetic charges) and its dual (electric charges). The interactions between…
The objective of this introduction to Colombeau algebras of generalized-functions (in which distributions can be freely multiplied) is to explain in elementary terms the essential concepts necessary for their application to basic non-linear…
We show that many numerically established properties of Q-balls can be understood in terms of analytic approximations for a certain type of potential. In particular, we derive an explicit formula between the energy and the charge of the…
The variational approach to Yang-Mills theory in Coulomb gauge is extended to full QCD. For the quark sector we use a trial wave functional, which goes beyond the previously used BCS-type state and which explicitly contains the coupling of…
The hydrogen atom with the Coulomb interaction is one of the exactly solvable non-relativistic quantum models. Unlike many other exactly solvable models it describes a real physical object providing the formulas for energy levels and…
By introducing a doublet of electromagnetic four dimensional vector potentials, we set up a manifestly Lorentz covariant and SO(2) duality invariant classical field theory of electric and magnetic charges. In our formulation one does not…
The problem of gauge invariance in an ultraviolet complete quantum field theory (QFT) with nonlocal interactions is investigated. For local fields that couple through a nonlocal interaction, it is demonstrated that the quantum…
Coulomb interactions that occur in electronic structure calculations are correlated by allowing basis function components of the interacting densities to polarize, thereby reducing the magnitude of the interaction. Exchange integrals of…
We compute the Coulomb interaction energy of dense sets of static quarks in a compact volume (much smaller than the lattice volume) containing one quark per lattice site. The quark color charges are combined into either a set of three-quark…
Coulomb gauge quantum chromodynamics within the first order functional formalism is considered. The quark contributions to the Dyson-Schwinger equations are derived and one-loop perturbative results for the two-point functions are…
A theory with a non-compact form-symmetry is described by two closed form fields of degrees k and d-k. Effective theory examples are non-linear electrodynamics, a photon field coupled to a neutron field, and a low energy Goldstone boson. We…
The gauge-dependence of the one loop Coleman-Weinberg effective potential in scalar electrodynamics is resolved using a gauge-free approach not requiring any gauge-fixing of quantum fluctuations of the photon degrees of freedom. This leads…
The Coulomb-gauge vector potential of a uniformly moving point charge is obtained by calculating the gauge function for the transformation between the Lorenz and Coulomb gauges. The expression obtained for the difference between the vector…
Consider the electric field E about an electron. Its source has been thought a substance called charge, enclosed within a small volume that defines the size of the electron. Scattering experiments find no size at all. Charge is useful, but…