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Related papers: Immersion in four-edge-connected graphs

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We first prove that for every vertex x of a 4-connected graph G there exists a subgraph H in G isomorphic to a subdivision of the complete graph K4 on four vertices such that G-V(H) is connected and contains x. This implies an affirmative…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-01-28 Matthias Kriesell

A $3$-connected graph $G$ is essentially $4$-connected if, for any $3$-cut $S\subseteq V(G)$ of $G$, at most one component of $G-S$ contains at least two vertices. We prove that every essentially $4$-connected maximal planar graph $G$ on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-28 Igor Fabrici , Jochen Harant , Samuel Mohr , Jens M. Schmidt

We say that a graph $F$ can be embedded into a graph $G$ if $G$ contains an isomorphic copy of $F$ as a subgraph. Guo and Volkmann \cite{GV} conjectured that if $G$ is a connected graph with at least $n$ vertices and minimum degree at least…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-03 Zilong Yan , Yuejian Peng

A graph $H$ is an immersion of a graph $G$ if $H$ can be obtained by some sugraph $G$ after lifting incident edges. We prove that there is a polynomial function $f:\Bbb{N}\times\Bbb{N}\rightarrow\Bbb{N}$, such that if $H$ is a connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-03-08 Archontia Giannopoulou , O-joung Kwon , Jean-Florent Raymond , Dimitrios M. Thilikos

We present an easy structure theorem for graphs which do not admit an immersion of the complete graph. The theorem motivates the definition of a variation of tree decompositions based on edge cuts instead of vertex cuts which we call…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-02 Paul Wollan

The class of all even-hole-free graphs has unbounded tree-width, as it contains all complete graphs. Recently, a class of (even-hole, $K_4$)-free graphs was constructed, that still has unbounded tree-width [Sintiari and Trotignon, 2019].…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Pierre Aboulker , Isolde Adler , Eun Jung Kim , Ni Luh Dewi Sintiari , Nicolas Trotignon

A graph $G$ embedded in a surface $S$ is called an $S$-grid when every facial boundary walk has length four, that is, the topological dual graph of $G$ in $S$ is 4-regular. Aside from the case where $S$ is the torus or Klein bottle, an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-14 Lowell Abrams , Daniel Slilaty

A tree-coloring of a maximal planar graph is a proper vertex $4$-coloring such that every bichromatic subgraph, induced by this coloring, is a tree. A maximal planar graph $G$ is tree-colorable if $G$ has a tree-coloring. In this article,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-03-21 Enqiang Zhu , Zepeng Li , Zehui Shao , Jin Xu

Robertson and Seymour proved that every graph with sufficiently large treewidth contains a large grid minor. However, the best known bound on the treewidth that forces an $\ell\times\ell$ grid minor is exponential in $\ell$. It is unknown…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-05-21 Bruce A. Reed , David R. Wood

Immersion minor is an important variant of graph minor, defined through an injective mapping from vertices in a smaller graph $H$ to vertices in a larger graph $G$ where adjacent elements of the former are connected in the latter by…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Xiangyi Meng , Yu Tian

We prove that the ends of a properly immersed simply or one connected minimal surface in H(2)xR contained in a slab of height less than \pi of H(2)xR, are multi-graphs. When such a surface is embedded then the ends are graphs. When embedded…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-04-09 Pascal Collin , Laurent Hauswirth , Harold Rosenberg

A graph $G$ contains another graph $H$ as an immersion if $H$ can be obtained from a subgraph of $G$ by splitting off edges and removing isolated vertices. There is an obvious necessary degree condition for the immersion containment: if $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-27 Chun-Hung Liu

We prove upper and lower bounds on the size of the largest square grid graph that is a subgraph, minor, or shallow minor of a graph in the form of a larger square grid from which a specified number of vertices have been deleted. Our bounds…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-08-07 David Eppstein

We prove that, for every $\ell\geq 4$, there exists an $\ell$-vertex graph and a first order sentence having a quantifier depth at most $\ell-1$ defining the property of having an induced subgraph isomorphic to the given one. We prove that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-12 E. D. Kudryavtsev , M. V. Makarov , A. S. Shlychkova , M. E. Zhukovskii

A fundamental result in structural graph theory states that every graph with large average degree contains a large complete graph as a minor. We prove this result with the extra property that the minor is small with respect to the order of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-05-24 Samuel Fiorini , Gwenaël Joret , Dirk Oliver Theis , David R. Wood

Graphs on integer points of polytopes whose edges come from a set of allowed differences are studied. It is shown that any simple graph can be embedded in that way. The minimal dimension of such a representation is the fiber dimension of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-19 Tobias Windisch

A graph $H$ is an induced minor of a graph $G$ if $H$ can be obtained from $G$ by vertex deletions and edge contractions. We show that there is a function $f(k, d) = O(k^{10} + 2^{d^5})$ so that if a graph has treewidth at least $f(k, d)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-09 Tuukka Korhonen

We show that for any fixed dense graph G and bounded-degree tree T on the same number of vertices, a modest random perturbation of G will typically contain a copy of T . This combines the viewpoints of the well-studied problems of embedding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-30 Michael Krivelevich , Matthew Kwan , Benny Sudakov

We present a concept called the branch-depth of a connectivity function, that generalizes the tree-depth of graphs. Then we prove two theorems showing that this concept aligns closely with the notions of tree-depth and shrub-depth of graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-05 Matt DeVos , O-joung Kwon , Sang-il Oum

The number of spanning trees in a graph $G$ is the total number of distinct spanning subgraphs of $G$ that are trees. In this paper we characterize the unique graph with a prescribed vertex (resp. edge) connectivity, minimum degree and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Shaohan Xu , Kexiang Xu , Ivan Damnjanović