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Two major sources of stochasticity in the dynamics of neutral alleles result from resampling of finite populations (genetic drift) and the random genetic background of nearby selected alleles on which the neutral alleles are found (linked…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2013-01-15 Graham Coop , Peter Ralph

Conventional population genetics considers the evolution of a limited number of genotypes corresponding to phenotypes with different fitness. As model phenotypes, in particular RNA secondary structure, have become computationally tractable,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2008-04-22 Gergely J. Szollosi , Imre Derenyi

A selective sweep describes the reduction of linked genetic variation due to strong positive selection. If s is the fitness advantage of a homozygote for the beneficial allele and h its dominance coefficient, it is usually assumed that…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2010-11-03 Greg Ewing , Joachim Hermisson , Peter Pfaffelhuber , Johannes Rudolf

When mutation rates are low, natural selection remains effective, and increasing the mutation rate can give rise to an increase in adaptation rate. When mutation rates are high to begin with, however, increasing the mutation rate may have a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2012-11-06 Philip Gerrish , Alexandre Colato , Paul Sniegowski

Recent studies have shown that human populations have experienced a complex demographic history, including a recent epoch of rapid population growth that led to an excess in the proportion of rare genetic variants in humans today. This…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-03-25 Feng Gao , Alon Keinan

The effects of inbreeding on human health depend critically on the number and severity of recessive, deleterious mutations carried by individuals. In humans, existing estimates of these quantities are based on comparisons between…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-07-29 Ziyue Gao , Darrel Waggoner , Matthew Stephens , Carole Ober , Molly Przeworski

Positive selection distorts the structure of genealogies and hence alters patterns of genetic variation within a population. Most analyses of these distortions focus on the signatures of hitchhiking due to hard or soft selective sweeps at a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2012-08-17 Michael M. Desai , Aleksandra M. Walczak , Daniel S. Fisher

While Neutral Theory famously describes the number of discrete genetic differences in populations, we consider the number of genetic backgrounds under which such differences are observed - setting limits to the generalizability of their…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-21 Andre F. Ribeiro

Evolutionary dynamics and patterns of molecular evolution are strongly influenced by selection on linked regions of the genome, but our quantitative understanding of these effects remains incomplete. Recent work has focused on predicting…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2013-05-29 Benjamin H. Good , Michael M. Desai

We have investigated the role that the mutation rate and the structure of genetic variation at a locus play in determining whether a gene is involved in disease. We predict that the mutation rate and its genetic diversity should be higher…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-17 Ying Chen Eyre-Walker , Adam Eyre-Walker

In genetic drift of small population, it is well known that even when the ratio of alleles is 0.5, specific genes are fixed in or disappear from the population. It seems the reason why inbreeding is avoided. On the other hand, this…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-05-08 Hiroshi Isshiki

We consider a single genetic locus with two alleles $A_1$ and $A_2$ in a large haploid population. The locus is subject to selection and two-way, or recurrent, mutation. Assuming the allele frequencies follow a Wright-Fisher diffusion and…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-04-29 Wai-Tong Louis Fan , John Wakeley

To learn about the past from a sample of genomic sequences, one needs to understand how evolutionary processes shape genetic diversity. Most population genetic inference is based on frameworks assuming adaptive evolution is rare. But if…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-03-25 Richard A. Neher

One of the most challenging issues of evolutionary biology concerns speciation, the emergence of new species from an initial one. The huge amount of species found in nature demands a simple and robust mechanism. Yet, no consensus has been…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Catarina R. Almeida , Fernão Vistulo de Abreu

The observation that phenotypic variability is ubiquitous in isogenic populations has led to a multitude of experimental and theoretical studies seeking to probe the causes and consequences of this variability. Whether it be in the context…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-02-18 Ethan Levien , Jiseon Min , Jane Kondev , Ariel Amir

Heterozygote disadvantage is potentially a potent driver of population genetic divergence. Also referred to as underdominance, this phenomena describes a situation where a genetic heterozygote has a lower overall fitness than either…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-09-29 Áki J. Láruson , Floyd A. Reed

Most of the DNA that composes a complex organism is non-coding and defined as junk. Even the coding part is composed of genes that affect the phenotype differently. Therefore, a random mutation has an effect on the specimen fitness that…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-07-19 Mattia Miotto , Lorenzo Monacelli

In the absence of selection, the structure of allelic diversity is described by the elegant sampling formula of Ewens. This formula has helped shape our expectations of empirical patterns of molecular variation. Along with coalescent…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2011-05-30 Michael M. Desai , Lauren E. Nicolaisen , Aleksandra M. Walczak , Joshua B. Plotkin

We study a general setting of neutral evolution in which the population is of finite, constant size and can have spatial structure. Mutation leads to different genetic types ("traits"), which can be discrete or continuous. Under minimal…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-11-02 Alex McAvoy , Ben Adlam , Benjamin Allen , Martin A. Nowak

Selection, mutation and random drift affect the dynamics of allele frequencies and consequently of quantitative traits. While the macroscopic dynamics of quantitative traits can be measured, the underlying allele frequencies are typically…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-03-15 Katarína Boďová , Gašper Tkačik , Nicholas H. Barton