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A simulation of an atomic force microscope operating in the constant amplitude dynamic mode is described. The implementation mimics the electronics of a real setup including a digital phase-locked loop (PLL). The PLL is not only used as a…

Atomic and Molecular Clusters · Physics 2007-05-23 Laurent Nony , Alexis Prof. Baratoff , Dominique Schaer , Oliver Pfeiffer , Adrian Wezel , Ernst Meyer

Synchronous reference frame phase-looked loop (SRF-PLL) techniques are widely used for interfacing and control applications in the power systems and energy conversion at large. Since a PLL system synchronizes its output with an exogenous…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-24 Michael Ruderman , Elia Brescia , Paolo Roberto Massenio , Giuseppe Leonardo Cascella , David Naso

The presented paper introduces a design for a phase-locked loop (PLL) that is utilized in frequency synthesis and modulation-demodulation within communication systems and in VLSI applications. The CMOS PLL is designed using 180 nm…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-21 Priyam Kumar , Akshada Khele , Aditee C. Joshi

Phase-locked loop (PLL), conceived in 1932 by H. Bellescize, has been the basic electronic component in the development of communication technology from the early analog radio receptors to modern digital civil and military facilities.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-28 José Roberto Castilho Piqueira , Felipe Freitas , Luis Antonio Aguirre

A single-passage, bimodal magnetic force microscopy technique optimized for scanning samples with arbitrary topography is discussed. A double phase-locked loop (PLL) system is used to mechanically excite a high quality factor cantilever…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-10-02 Johannes Schwenk , Xue Zhao , Mirko Baćani , Miguel A. Marioni , Sara Romer , Hans J. Hug

Charge pump phase-locked loop with phase-frequency detector (CP-PLL) is an electrical circuit, widely used in digital systems for frequency synthesis and synchronization of the clock signals. In this paper a non-linear second-order model of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-03-12 Nikolay Kuznetsov , Marat Yuldashev , Renat Yuldashev , Mikhail Blagov , Elena Kudryashova , Olga Kuznetsova , Timur Mokaev

A dual-excitation method for resonant-frequency tracking in scanning probe microscopy based on amplitude detection is developed. This method allows the cantilever to be operated at or near resonance for techniques where standard phase…

Materials Science · Physics 2008-03-13 B J Rodriguez , C Callahan , S V Kalinin , R Proksch

We have studied the dynamics of a spin-torque nanooscillator's (STNO) phase locked loop (PLL) generating microwave oscillations in a broad range of frequencies under the effect of direct current and external magnetic field. Bifurcations in…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2016-11-18 Alexander A. Mitrofanov , Ansar R. Safin , Nicolay N. Udalov

Many speech and music analysis and processing schemes rely on an estimate of the fundamental frequency $f_0$ of periodic signal components. Most established schemes apply rather unspecific signal models such as sinusoidal models to the…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Volker Hohmann

In this paper, we demonstrate a simple scheme of 6.835 GHz microwave frequency synthesizer based on the sub-sampling phase lock loop (PLL) technique. The application of the sub-sampling PLL is the key to simplify the architecture of the…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2022-04-19 Wenbing Li , Qiang Hao , Yuanbo Du , Shaoqing Huang , Peter Yun , Zehuang Lu

In optical detection of ultrasound, resonators with high Q-factors are often used to maximize sensitivity. However, in order to perform parallel interrogation, conventional interferometric techniques require an overlap between the resonator…

Optics · Physics 2019-01-27 Yoav Hazan , Amir Rosenthal

In this paper we discuss the application of the harmonic balance method for the global analysis of the classical phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit. The harmonic balance is non rigorous method, which is widely used %,often without rigorous…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-05-09 E. V. Kudryashova , N. V. Kuznetsov , G. A. Leonov , M. V. Yuldashev , R. V. Yuldashev

In current MIMO mobile communication systems, phase noise can significantly impair performance. To allow for compensation of these impairments, accurate phase noise modeling is necessary. Numerical modeling of the phase noise process at a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Carl Collmann , Ahmad Nimr , Gerhard Fettweis

We consider a grid-connected voltage source converter (VSC) and address the problem of estimating the grid angle and frequency, information that is essential for an appropriate operation of the converter. We design phase-locked loop (PLL)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-19 Daniele Zonetti , Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Marc Cheah-Mane

Many physical, biological and neural systems behave as coupled oscillators, with characteristic phase coupling across different frequencies. Methods such as $n:m$ phase locking value and bi-phase locking value have previously been proposed…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-04 Bhavya Vasudeva , Runfeng Tian , Dee H. Wu , Shirley A. James , Hazem H. Refai , Fei He , Yuan Yang

Quantitative phase microscopy (QPM), a technique combining phase imaging and microscopy, enables visualization of the 3D topography in reflective samples, as well as the inner structure or refractive index distribution of transparent and…

Optics · Physics 2025-01-17 Vicente Mico , Juanjuan Zheng , Javier Garcia , Zeev Zalevsky , Peng Gao

In most digital-to-time converter (DTC) based applications, apart from maintaining low integral non-linearity (INL), it is also required of the system to achieve a wide frequency translation range. To achieve this performance, we present a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-06-11 Pallavi Paliwal , Vivek Yadav , Shalabh Gupta

Purpose: Recent studies have shown that spin-lock MRI can simplify quantitative magnetization transfer (MT) by eliminating its dependency on water pool parameters, removing the need for a T1 map in macromolecular proton fraction (MPF)…

Due to their capacity for non-classical light generation, high-efficiency second-order nonlinear parametric processes play an important role in quantum photonic technology, and chip-scale realization of these processes is recognized as the…

The parametric phase-locked oscillator (PPLO), also known as a parametron, is a resonant circuit in which one of the reactances is periodically modulated. It can detect, amplify, and store binary digital signals in the form of two distinct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-22 Z. R. Lin , K. Inomata , K. Koshino , W. D. Oliver , Y. Nakamura , J. S. Tsai , T. Yamamoto
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