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$\DeclareMathOperator{\chicen}{\chi_{\mathrm{cen}}}\DeclareMathOperator{\chilin}{\chi_{\mathrm{lin}}}$ A centred colouring of a graph is a vertex colouring in which every connected subgraph contains a vertex whose colour is unique and a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-11 Prosenjit Bose , Vida Dujmović , Hussein Houdrouge , Mehrnoosh Javarsineh , Pat Morin

For a graph $G$ and a tree-decomposition $(T, \mathcal{B})$ of $G$, the chromatic number of $(T, \mathcal{B})$ is the maximum of $\chi(G[B])$, taken over all bags $B \in \mathcal{B}$. The tree-chromatic number of $G$ is the minimum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-22 Tony Huynh , Ringi Kim

A graph is said to be {\it total-colored} if all the edges and vertices of the graph are colored. A path in a total-colored graph is a {\it total proper path} if $(i)$ any two adjacent edges on the path differ in color, $(ii)$ any two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-09 Yingying Zhang , Xiaoyu Zhu

In this paper, we study two popular variants of Graph Coloring -- Dominator Coloring and CD Coloring. In both problems, we are given a graph $G$ and a natural number $\ell$ as input and the goal is to properly color the vertices with at…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Aritra Banik , Prahlad Narasimhan Kasthurirangan , Venkatesh Raman

The proper chromatic number $\Vec{\chi}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum $k$ such that there exists an orientation of the edges of $G$ with all vertex-outdegrees at most $k$ and such that for any adjacent vertices, the outdegrees are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-09 Yaobin Chen , Bojan Mohar , Hehui Wu

A $b$-coloring is a proper coloring such that for each color class, there exists at least one vertex that is adjacent to at least one vertex in every other color class. The $b$-chromatic number of a graph $G$ is the maximum number $k$ such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-22 Erik Dahlen

A total labeling of a graph $G = (V, E)$ is said to be local total antimagic if it is a bijection $f: V\cup E \to\{1,\ldots ,|V|+|E|\}$ such that adjacent vertices, adjacent edges, and incident vertex and edge have distinct induced weights…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-02 G. C. Lau

Irredundance coloring of $G$ is a proper coloring in which there exists a maximal irredundant set $R$ such that all the vertices of $R$ have different colors. The minimum number of colors required for an irredundance coloring of $G$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-30 David Ashok Kalarkop , Pawaton Kaemawichanurat

A vertex coloring of a given graph $G$ is conflict-free if the closed neighborhood of every vertex contains a unique color (i.e. a color appearing only once in the neighborhood). The minimum number of colors in such a coloring is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-07 Michał Dębski , Jakub Przybyło

Let $c$ be a proper $k$-coloring of a connected graph $G$ and $\Pi=(C_1,C_2,...,C_k)$ be an ordered partition of $V(G)$ into the resulting color classes. For a vertex $v$ of $G$, the color code of $v$ with respect to $\Pi$ is defined to be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-12-11 Ali Behtoei , Behnaz Omoomi

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple graph. A dominating set of $G$ is a subset $S\subseteq V$ such that every vertex not in $S$ is adjacent to at least one vertex in $S$. The cardinality of a smallest dominating set of $G$, denoted by $\gamma(G)$, is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-13 Nima Ghanbari , Saeid Alikhani

A sequence of vertices in a graph $G$ without isolated vertices is called a total dominating sequence if every vertex $v$ in the sequence has a neighbor which is adjacent to no vertex preceding $v$ in the sequence, and at the end every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-28 Selim Bahadır , Didem Gözüpek , Oğuz Doğan

The total domination game is a two-person competitive optimization game, where the players, Dominator and Staller, alternately select vertices of an isolate-free graph $G$. Each vertex chosen must strictly increase the number of vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-06 Csilla Bujtás

The dominating graph of a graph G is a graph whose vertices correspond to the dominating sets of G and two vertices are adjacent whenever their corresponding dominating sets differ in exactly one vertex. Studying properties of dominating…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-12 Alireza Mofidi

An exact $(k,d)$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a coloring of its vertices with $k$ colors such that each vertex $v$ is adjacent to exactly $d$ vertices having the same color as $v$. The exact $d$-defective chromatic number, denoted…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-09-14 James Cumberbatch , Juho Lauri , Christodoulos Mitillos

A total dominating set of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a subset $D \subseteq V$ such that every vertex in $V$ is adjacent to some vertex in $D$. Finding a total dominating set of minimum size is NP-hard on planar graphs and W[2]-complete on general…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Valentin Garnero , Ignasi Sau

In this article, we consider a proper total coloring distinguishes adjacent vertices by sums, if every two adjacent vertices have different total sum of colors of the edges incident to the vertex and the color of the vertex. Pilsniak and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-30 Hana Choi , Dongseok Kim , Sungjin Lee , Yeonhee Lee

Given a graph G, a colouring is an assignment of colours to the vertices of G so that no two adjacent vertices are coloured the same. If all colour classes have size at most t, then we call the colouring t-bounded, and the t-bounded…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-27 Annika Heckel , Konstantinos Panagiotou

Let $G$ be a graph with minimum degree at least 2. A set $D\subseteq V$ is a double total dominating set of $G$ if each vertex is adjacent to at least two vertices in $D$. The double total domination number $\gamma _{\times 2,t}(G)$ of $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-06 Adel P. Kazemi , Behnaz Pahlavsay

A proper vertex coloring of a graph is equitable if the sizes of color classes differ by at most one. The equitable chromatic number of a graph $G$, denoted by $\chi_=(G)$, is the minimum $k$ such that $G$ is equitably $k$-colorable. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-17 Zhidan Yan , Wei Wang