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Agents rarely act in isolation -- their behavioral history, in particular, is public to others. We seek a non-asymptotic understanding of how a leader agent should shape this history to its maximal advantage, knowing that follower agent(s)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Vidya Muthukumar , Anant Sahai

The Stackelberg security game is played between a defender and an attacker, where the defender needs to allocate a limited amount of resources to multiple targets in order to minimize the loss due to adversarial attack by the attacker.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Rufan Bai , Haoxing Lin , Xinyu Yang , Xiaowei Wu , Minming Li , Weijia Jia

We propose a generalization of the Bass diffusion model in discrete-time that explicitly models the effect of price in adoption. Our model is different from earlier price-incorporated models and fits well to adoption data for various…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-04 Yijin Wang , Subhonmesh Bose

In this paper, a partially observed stochastic linear Stackelberg differential game with mean-variance criteria is studied. Randomness comes from Brownian motions and Poisson random measures. which leads to a circular dependency. We follow…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Jingtao Lin , Jingtao Shi

By utilizing tools from game theory, we develop a novel multi-period-multi-company demand response framework considering the interactions between companies (sellers of energy) and their consumers (buyers of energy). We model the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-04-20 Khaled Alshehri , Ji Liu , Xudong Chen , Tamer Başar

This article studies linear-quadratic Stackelberg games between two dominating players (or equivalently, leaders) and a large group of followers, each of whom interacts under a mean field game (MFG) framework. Unlike the conventional…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-02 Dantong Chu , Kenneth Tsz Hin Ng , Sheung Chi Phillip Yam , Harry Zheng

Owing to the fluctuant renewable generation and power demand, the energy surplus or deficit in each nanogrid is embodied differently across time. To stimulate local renewable energy consumption and minimize the long-term energy cost, some…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Jiaxin Cao , Bo Yang , Shanying Zhu , Kai Ma , Xinping Guan

Bilevel learning refers to machine learning problems that can be formulated as bilevel optimization models, where decisions are organized in a hierarchical structure. This paradigm has recently gained considerable attention in machine…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Riccardo Grazzi , Massimiliano Pontil , Saverio Salzo , Alain Zemkoho

The optimal policy in various real-world strategic decision-making problems depends both on the environmental configuration and exogenous events. For these settings, we introduce Contextual Bilevel Reinforcement Learning (CB-RL), a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-10 Vinzenz Thoma , Barna Pasztor , Andreas Krause , Giorgia Ramponi , Yifan Hu

Despite the advantage of preserving data privacy, federated learning (FL) still suffers from the straggler issue due to the limited computing resources of distributed clients and the unreliable wireless communication environment. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Bibo Wu , Fang Fang , Xianbin Wang

This paper studies the joint optimization of edge node activation and resource pricing in edge computing, where an edge computing platform provides heterogeneous resources to accommodate multiple services with diverse preferences. We cast…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Duong Thuy Anh Nguyen , Tarannum Nisha , Ni Trieu , Duong Tung Nguyen

In this paper, an incentive proactive cache mechanism in cache-enabled small cell networks (SCNs) is proposed, in order to motivate the content providers (CPs) to participate in the caching procedure. A network composed of a single mobile…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-12 Fei Shen , Kenza Hamidouche , Ejder Baştuğ , Mérouane Debbah

We present a Stackelberg game model to investigate how individuals make their decisions on timing and route selection. Group formation can naturally result from these decisions, but only when individuals arrive at the same time and choose…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Chenlan Wang , Mingyan Liu

This paper studies a stochastic mean-field linear-quadratic Stackelberg differential game with random coefficients. The interaction between mean-field terms and random coefficients precludes the direct use of conventional decoupling…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Ying Yang , Jie Xiong , Zhouyu Wang

This paper addresses a Stackelberg stochastic linear-quadratic (LQ) differential game under closed-loop information, a problem inherently time-inconsistent. Existing approaches rely on solving two coupled Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Qi Lü , Bowen Ma , Hanxiao Wang

Stackelberg Games are gaining importance in the last years due to the raise of Adversarial Machine Learning (AML). Within this context, a new paradigm must be faced: in classical game theory, intervening agents were humans whose decisions…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Roi Naveiro , David Ríos Insua

Stackelberg games, widely applied in domains like economics and security, involve asymmetric interactions where a leader's strategy drives follower responses. Accurately modeling these dynamics allows domain experts to optimize strategies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Kuang-Da Wang , Ping-Chun Hsieh , Wen-Chih Peng

We consider a bilevel optimization problem in which the ground set is partitioned between two decision makers, a leader and a follower, whose optimization problems are interleaved. We study the Bilevel Independent Set problem, and its…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Komal Muluk

Multi-leader multi-follower games are a class of hierarchical games in which a collection of leaders compete in a Nash game constrained by the equilibrium conditions of another Nash game amongst the followers. The resulting equilibrium…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-08-27 Ankur A. Kulkarni , Uday V. Shanbhag

We consider a bilevel optimization problem having a single leader and multiple followers. The followers choose their strategies simultaneously, and are assumed to converge to a Nash equilibrium strategy profile. We begin by providing a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Parin Chaipunya , Thirumulanathan D , Joydeep Dutta
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