Related papers: Mensky's path integral and photon mass
Based on the physical interpretation of the photon continuity equation derived in [M. Hawton, Phys. Rev. A 109, 062221 (2024) ] the standard Lagrangian is second quantized to obtain a Lorentz and gauge invariant theory of single photons.…
The third-order polarization emitted from groups of individual localized excitonic transitions after pulsed optical excitation is measured. We observe the evolution of the nonlinear response from the case of a free polarization decay for a…
We study the effect of the polarization of light beams on the time delay measured in Gravitational Wave experiments. To this end, we consider the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon equations in a gravitational wave background, with two of the…
We analyze the polarization content of gravitational waves in Horndeski theory. Besides the familiar plus and cross polarizations in Einstein's General Relativity, there is one more polarization state which is the mixture of the transverse…
We exploit the fact that, in Minkowski space-time, gamma matrices are possibly more fundamental than the metric to describe how gauge invariance at perturbative level enforces a Lagrangian for spinor electrodynamics with massless photons.…
Bose condensed light can form new phases [1] in a dye filled cavity due to the presence of the orientational disorder created by dye molecules which are essentially frozen on the time scale of the photonic thermalization (few ps). At longer…
In Very Special Relativity (VSR) a gauge invariant photon mass is allowed. We explore some consequences of keeping this parameter not zero. VSR-Maxwell equations are presented. In addition, we show modifications to the Feynman rules keeping…
We consider a model of free fermions in a ladder geometry coupled to a nonuniform cavity mode via Peierls substitution. Since the cavity mode generates a magnetic field, no-go theorems on spontaneous photon condensation do not apply, and we…
Two experiments were made using a microwave generator, which sent a narrow beam, through a metallic plate with horizontal movement. At the other end a horn antenna coupled to a field-strength detector. In linear polarization double cycloids…
Relativistic effects affect nearly all notions of quantum information theory. The vacuum behaves as a noisy channel, even if the detectors are perfect. The standard definition of a reduced density matrix fails for photon polarization…
The multi-mode character of quantum fields imposes constraints on the implementation of high-fidelity quantum gates between individual photons. So far this has only been studied for the longitudinal degree of freedom. Here we show that…
We extend classical Maxwell field theory to a first quantized theory of the photon by deriving a conserved Lorentz four-current whose zero component is a positive definite number density. Fields are real and their positive (negative)…
We develop a semiclassical theory to describe the photon momenta in left-handed materials (LHMs). A single two-level atom is introduced as an "explorer" to probe the momenta of photons. We demonstrate that the linear momentum of the photons…
The fundamental interaction between free electrons and light stands at the base of both classical and quantum physics, with applications in free-electron acceleration, radiation sources, and electron microscopy. Yet, to this day, all…
There are circular planar null geodesics at $r=3M$ around a Schwarzschild black hole of mass $M$. These geodesics form a photon sphere. Null geodesics of the Schwarzschild space-time which do not form the photon sphere are either escape to…
Measurements of lifetimes can be done in two ways. For very short lived particles, the width can be measured. For long lived ones, the lifetime can be directly measured, for example, using a displaced vertex. Practically, the lifetime…
We study the degrees of freedom of the Proca theory, non-minimally coupled to gravity. In the Minkowski background, this theory propagates five degrees of freedom -- a massive longitudinal mode, two massive vector ones, and two massless…
The inertial and gravitational mass of electromagnetic radiation (i.e., a photon distribution) in a cavity with reflecting walls has been treated by many authors for over a century. After many contending discussions, a consensus has emerged…
The starting point of this work is the principle that all movement of particles and photons must follow geodesics of a 4-dimensional space where time intervals are always a measure on geodesic arc lengths. The last 3 coordinates (alpha =…
The power and the probability of electromagnetic radiation from an electron in a constant background tensor field violating Lorentz invariance are calculated. The case of a background field of the quasielectric type is considered. The…