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Related papers: Dimension Reduction via Colour Refinement

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Twin-width is a graph parameter introduced in the context of first-order model checking, and has since become a central parameter in algorithmic graph theory. While many algorithmic problems become easier on arbitrary classes of bounded…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Irene Heinrich , Moritz Lichter , Klara Pakhomenko , Simon Raßmann

We introduce a generalization of the well known graph (vertex) coloring problem, which we call the problem of \emph{component coloring of graphs}. Given a graph, the problem is to color the vertices using minimum number of colors so that…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-11-06 Ajit Diwan , Soumitra Pal , Abhiram Ranade

This paper studies the kernelization complexity of graph coloring problems with respect to certain structural parameterizations of the input instances. We are interested in how well polynomial-time data reduction can provably shrink…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Bart M. P. Jansen , Stefan Kratsch

The Weisfeiler-Leman (WL) algorithms form a family of incomplete approaches to the graph isomorphism problem. They recently found various applications in algorithmic group theory and machine learning. In fact, the algorithms form a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Thomas Schneider , Pascal Schweitzer

In this paper we resolve the complexity of the isomorphism problem on all but finitely many of the graph classes characterized by two forbidden induced subgraphs. To this end we develop new techniques applicable for the structural and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-11-10 Pascal Schweitzer

We propose quasi-stable coloring, an approximate version of stable coloring. Stable coloring, also called color refinement, is a well-studied technique in graph theory for classifying vertices, which can be used to build compact, lossless…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Moe Kayali , Dan Suciu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as prominent models for representation learning on graph structured data. GNNs follow an approach of message passing analogous to 1-dimensional Weisfeiler Lehman (1-WL) test for graph isomorphism…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Mohammed Haroon Dupty , Wee Sun Lee

The Weisfeiler-Leman procedure is a widely-used technique for graph isomorphism testing that works by iteratively computing an isomorphism-invariant coloring of vertex tuples. Meanwhile, a fundamental tool in structural graph theory, which…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Sandra Kiefer , Daniel Neuen

The Graph Isomorphism (GI) problem is a theoretically interesting problem because it has not been proven to be in P nor to be NP-complete. Babai made a breakthrough in 2015 when announcing a quasipolynomial time algorithm for GI problem.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Duc Hung Pham , Krishna V. Palem , M. V. Panduranga Rao

We consider the subgraph isomorphism problem where, given two graphs G (source graph) and F (pattern graph), one is to decide whether there is a (not necessarily induced) subgraph of G isomorphic to F. While many practical heuristic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Josef Malík , Ondřej Suchý , Tomáš Valla

The graph coloring problem is a classical combinatorial optimization problem with important applications such as register allocation and task scheduling, and it has been extensively studied for decades. However, near-real-time algorithms…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Chenghao Zhu , Yi Zhou

A commonly studied means of parameterizing graph problems is the deletion distance from triviality (Guo et al. 2004), which counts vertices that need to be deleted from a graph to place it in some class for which efficient algorithms are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-10-17 Jannis Bulian , Anuj Dawar

Subdivision surfaces provide an elegant isogeometric analysis framework for geometric design and analysis of partial differential equations defined on surfaces. They are already a standard in high-end computer animation and graphics and are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-06-04 Qiaoling Zhang , Malcolm Sabin , Fehmi Cirak

Irregular computations on unstructured data are an important class of problems for parallel programming. Graph coloring is often an important preprocessing step, e.g. as a way to perform dependency analysis for safe parallel execution. The…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-05-19 Georgios Rokos , Gerard Gorman , Paul H J Kelly

We investigate the power of graph isomorphism algorithms based on algebraic reasoning techniques like Gr\"obner basis computation. The idea of these algorithms is to encode two graphs into a system of equations that are satisfiable if and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-02-23 Christoph Berkholz , Martin Grohe

We establish new algorithmic guarantees with matching hardness results for coloring and independent set problems in one-sided expanders and related classes of graphs. For example, given a $3$-colorable regular one-sided expander, we compute…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Rares-Darius Buhai , Yiding Hua , David Steurer , Andor Vári-Kakas

In this paper we combine many of the standard and more recent algebraic techniques for testing isomorphism of finite groups (GpI) with combinatorial techniques that have typically been applied to Graph Isomorphism. In particular, we show…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-05-08 Peter A. Brooksbank , Joshua A. Grochow , Yinan Li , Youming Qiao , James B. Wilson

The vertex coloring problem asks for the minimum number of colors that can be assigned to the vertices of a given graph such that each two adjacent vertices get different colors. For this NP-hard problem, a variety of integer linear…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Adalat Jabrayilov , Petra Mutzel

The graph partitioning problem is widely used and studied in many practical and theoretical applications. The multilevel strategies represent today one of the most effective and efficient generic frameworks for solving this problem on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-04-04 Ilya Safro , Peter Sanders , Christian Schulz

Fractional graph isomorphism is the linear relaxation of an integer programming formulation of graph isomorphism. It preserves some invariants of graphs, like degree sequences and equitable partitions, but it does not preserve others like…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-20 Flavia Bonomo-Braberman , Dora Tilli