English
Related papers

Related papers: A generalized back-door criterion

200 papers

Directed acyclic graph models with hidden variables have been much studied, particularly in view of their computational efficiency and connection with causal methods. In this paper we provide the circumstances under which it is possible for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-15 Robin J. Evans

Causal effect estimation from data typically requires assumptions about the cause-effect relations either explicitly in the form of a causal graph structure within the Pearlian framework, or implicitly in terms of (conditional) independence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Abhin Shah , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Murat Kocaoglu

Causality is important for designing interpretable and robust methods in artificial intelligence research. We propose a local approach to identify whether a variable is a cause of a given target under the framework of causal graphical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-08 Zhuangyan Fang , Yue Liu , Zhi Geng , Shengyu Zhu , Yangbo He

The identifiability problem for interventions aims at assessing whether the total effect of some given interventions can be written with a do-free formula, and thus be computed from observational data only. We study this problem,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-19 Clément Yvernes , Charles K. Assaad , Emilie Devijver , Eric Gaussier

Causal inference seeks to estimate the effect of an intervention on an outcome using observed data, typically via Rubin's potential-outcome framework or Pearl's do-calculus. Following section 9 of Richardson and Robins (2013), this essay…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Christian Bartels

Graphical Markov models determined by acyclic digraphs (ADGs), also called directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), are widely studied in statistics, computer science (as Bayesian networks), operations research (as influence diagrams), and many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Steven B. Gillispie , Michael D. Perlman

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are a popular framework to express multivariate probability distributions. Acyclic directed mixed graphs (ADMGs) are generalizations of DAGs that can succinctly capture much richer sets of conditional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-09-01 Ricardo Silva , Charles Blundell , Yee Whye Teh

A directed acyclic graph (DAG) is the most common graphical model for representing causal relationships among a set of variables. When restricted to using only observational data, the structure of the ground truth DAG is identifiable only…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-12 AmirEmad Ghassami , Saber Salehkaleybar , Negar Kiyavash , Kun Zhang

We give a category-theoretic treatment of causal models that formalizes the syntax for causal reasoning over a directed acyclic graph (DAG) by associating a free Markov category with the DAG in a canonical way. This framework enables us to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Yimu Yin , Jiji Zhang

Background: In epidemiology, causal inference and prediction modeling methodologies have been historically distinct. Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are used to model a priori causal assumptions and inform variable selection strategies for…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-03 Marco Piccininni , Stefan Konigorski , Jessica L Rohmann , Tobias Kurth

A directed acyclic graph (DAG) partially represents the conditional independence structure among observations of a system if the local Markov condition holds, that is, if every variable is independent of its non-descendants given its…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-10-28 Bastian Steudel , Nihat Ay

Observational studies in fields such as epidemiology often rely on covariate adjustment to estimate causal effects. Classical graphical criteria, like the back-door criterion and the generalized adjustment criterion, are powerful tools for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-24 Isabela Belciug , Simon Ferreira , Charles K. Assaad

Causal graphs, such as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and partial ancestral graphs (PAGs), represent causal relationships among variables in a model. Methods exist for learning DAGs and PAGs from data and for converting DAGs to PAGs.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-19 Nishant Subramani

Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) provide a powerful framework to model causal relationships among variables in multivariate settings; in addition, through the do-calculus theory, they allow for the identification and estimation of causal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-31 Federico Castelletti , Alessandro Mascaro

Causal DAGs (also known as Bayesian networks) are a popular tool for encoding conditional dependencies between random variables. In a causal DAG, the random variables are modeled as vertices in the DAG, and it is stipulated that every…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Vidya Sagar Sharma

This paper is concerned with graphical criteria that can be used to solve the problem of identifying casual effects from nonexperimental data in a causal Bayesian network structure, i.e., a directed acyclic graph that represents causal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Yimin Huang , Marco Valtorta

Random directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) based on imposing an order on Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi and scale free random graphs are widely used for evaluating causal discovery algorithms. We show that in such DAGs, the set of nodes reachable via open…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-08 Alexander G. Reisach , Antoine Chambaz , Gilles Blanchard , Sebastian Weichwald

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are frequently used in epidemiology as a method to encode causal inference assumptions. We propose the DAGWOOD framework to bring many of those encoded assumptions to the forefront. DAGWOOD combines a root DAG…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-25 Noah A Haber , Mollie E Wood , Sarah Wieten , Alexander Breskin

We study a family of regularized score-based estimators for learning the structure of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) for a multivariate normal distribution from high-dimensional data with $p\gg n$. Our main results establish support…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-03 Bryon Aragam , Arash A. Amini , Qing Zhou

Counting and uniform sampling of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from a Markov equivalence class are fundamental tasks in graphical causal analysis. In this paper, we show that these tasks can be performed in polynomial time, solving a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Marcel Wienöbst , Max Bannach , Maciej Liśkiewicz