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This paper studies complexity theoretic aspects of quantum refereed games, which are abstract games between two competing players that send quantum states to a referee, who performs an efficiently implementable joint measurement on the two…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Soumik Ghosh , John Watrous

The prophet inequality is one of the cornerstone problems in optimal stopping theory and has become a crucial tool for designing sequential algorithms in Bayesian settings. In the i.i.d. $k$-selection prophet inequality problem, we…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Johannes Brustle , Sebastian Perez-Salazar , Victor Verdugo

We propose quantum devices that can realize probabilistically different projective measurements on a qubit. The desired measurement basis is selected by the quantum state of a program register. First we analyze the phase-covariant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jaromir Fiurasek , Miloslav Dusek

We consider a game in which two separate laboratories collaborate to prepare a quantum system and are then asked to guess the outcome of a measurement performed by a third party in a random basis on that system. Intuitively, by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-04 Marco Tomamichel , Serge Fehr , Jędrzej Kaniewski , Stephanie Wehner

Many online problems are studied in stochastic settings for which inputs are samples from a known distribution, given in advance, or from an unknown distribution. Such distributions model both beyond-worst-case inputs and, when given,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Gregory Kehne , Thomas Kesselheim

When allocating indivisible items to agents, it is known that the only strategyproof mechanisms that satisfy a set of rather mild conditions are constrained serial dictatorships: given a fixed order over agents, at each step the designated…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Sylvain Bouveret , Hugo Gilbert , Jérôme Lang , Guillaume Méroué

Most of the literature on online algorithms in revenue management focuses on settings with irrevocable decisions, where once a decision is made upon the arrival of a new input, it cannot be canceled later. Motivated by modern applications…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Farbod Ekbatani , Rad Niazadeh , Pranav Nuti , Jan Vondrak

We establish the first hardness results for the problem of computing the value of one-round games played by a verifier and a team of provers who can share quantum entanglement. In particular, we show that it is NP-hard to approximate within…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-11-21 Julia Kempe , Hirotada Kobayashi , Keiji Matsumoto , Ben Toner , Thomas Vidick

The ``impossibility theorem'' -- which is considered foundational in algorithmic fairness literature -- asserts that there must be trade-offs between common notions of fairness and performance when fitting statistical models, except in two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Andrew Bell , Lucius Bynum , Nazarii Drushchak , Tetiana Herasymova , Lucas Rosenblatt , Julia Stoyanovich

We study a modification of the so-called Parrondo's paradox where a large number of individuals choose the game they want to play by voting. We show that it can be better for the players to vote randomly than to vote according to their own…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-10-03 L. Dinis , J. M. R. Parrondo

Bayesian persuasion is a model for understanding strategic information revelation: an agent with an informational advantage, called a sender, strategically discloses information by sending signals to another agent, called a receiver. In…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Kaito Fujii , Shinsaku Sakaue

A gambler walks into a hypothetical fair casino with a very real dollar bill, but by the time he leaves he's exchanged the dollar for a random amount of money. What is lost in the process? It may be that the gambler walks out at the end of…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-20 Paul Cuff , Thomas Cover , Gowtham Kumar , Lei Zhao

We consider the problem of selecting sequentially a unimodal subsequence from a sequence of independent identically distributed random variables, and we find that a person doing optimal sequential selection does within a factor of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-10-31 Alessandro Arlotto , J. Michael Steele

In a biased weak $(a,b)$ polyform achievement game, the maker and the breaker alternately mark $a,b$ previously unmarked cells on an infinite board, respectively. The maker's goal is to mark a set of cells congruent to a polyform. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-07-12 Ian Norris , Nandor Sieben

We study the problem of checking for the existence of constrained pure Nash equilibria in a subclass of polymatrix games defined on weighted directed graphs. The payoff of a player is defined as the sum of nonnegative rational weights on…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-30 Sunil Simon , Dominik Wojtczak

Social networks are increasingly being used to conduct polls. We introduce a simple model of such social polling. We suppose agents vote sequentially, but the order in which agents choose to vote is not necessarily fixed. We also suppose…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-02-08 Serge Gaspers , Victor Naroditskiy , Nina Narodytska , Toby Walsh

Consider elections where the set of candidates is partitioned into parties, and each party must nominate exactly one candidate. The Possible President problem asks whether some candidate of a given party can become the winner of the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Ildikó Schlotter , Katarína Cechlárová

We study a variation of the minority game. There are N agents. Each has to choose between one of two alternatives everyday, and there is reward to each member of the smaller group. The agents cannot communicate with each other, but try to…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2015-05-27 Deepak Dhar , V. Sasidevan , Bikas K. Chakrabarti

Let G be a semisimple Lie group without compact factors, \Gamma be an irreducible lattice in G. In the first part of the article we give the necessary and sufficient condition under which a sequence of translates of probability…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-09-11 Amir Mohammadi , Alireza Salehi Golsefidy

Parrondo's paradox arises in sequences of games in which a winning expectation may be obtained by playing the games in a random order, even though each game in the sequence may be lost when played individually. We present a suitable version…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-06-19 Antonio Di Crescenzo