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We present a linear-system solver that, given an $n$-by-$n$ symmetric positive semi-definite, diagonally dominant matrix $A$ with $m$ non-zero entries and an $n$-vector $\bb $, produces a vector $\xxt$ within relative distance $\epsilon$ of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Daniel A. Spielman , Shang-Hua Teng

The power graph $\Gamma_G$ of a finite group $G$ is the graph with the vertex set $G$, where two distinct elements are adjacent if one is a power of the other. An $L(2, 1)$-labeling of a graph $\Gamma$ is an assignment of labels from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-01 Xuanlong Ma , Min Feng , Kaishun Wang

In 2003, van Dam and Haemers posed a fundamental question in spectral graph theory: does there exist a ``sensible'' matrix whose spectrum determines a random graph up to isomorphism? This paper introduces the class of {\em natural graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Ziqing Xiang

In non-linear incompatible elasticity, the configurations are maps from a non-Euclidean body manifold into the ambient Euclidean space, $\mathbb{R}^k$. We prove the $\Gamma$-convergence of elastic energies for configurations of a converging…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-01-23 Raz Kupferman , Cy Maor

We say that a graph $G$ is $(2,m)$-linked if, for any distinct vertices $a_1,\ldots, a_m, b_1,b_2$ in $G$, there exist vertex disjoint connected subgraphs $A,B$ of $G$ such that $\{a_1, \ldots, a_m\}$ is contained in $A$ and $\{b_1,b_2\}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-23 Xiying Du , Yanjia Li , Shijie Xie , Xingxing Yu

The adjacency-diametrical matrix (AD matrix) of a connected graph $G$ with diameter $d$, denoted by $AD(G)$, is the matrix indexed by the vertices of $G$ in which the $(i,j)$-entry of $AD(G)$ is $1$ if $d_G(v_i,v_j)=1$, is $d$ if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-06 S. P. Leka Amruthavarshini , R. Rajkumar

The {\em metric dimension} of a graph $\Gamma$ is the least number of vertices in a set with the property that the list of distances from any vertex to those in the set uniquely identifies that vertex. We consider the Grassmann graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-11-28 Robert F. Bailey , Karen Meagher

Let $\Gamma$ be a finite graph and let $A(\Gamma)$ be the corresponding right-angled Artin group. We characterize the Hamiltonicity of $\Gamma$ via the structure of the cohomology algebra of $A(\Gamma)$. In doing so, we define and develop a…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-25 Ramón Flores , Delaram Kahrobaei , Thomas Koberda

We analyze the $\Gamma$-convergence of sequences of free-discontinuity functionals arising in the modeling of linear elastic solids with surface discontinuities, including phenomena as fracture, damage, or material voids. We prove…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-10-15 Manuel Friedrich , Matteo Perugini , Francesco Solombrino

A resolving set for a graph $\Gamma$ is a collection of vertices $S$, chosen so that for each vertex $v$, the list of distances from $v$ to the members of $S$ uniquely specifies $v$. The metric dimension $\mu(\Gamma)$ is the smallest size…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-02 Robert F. Bailey

Graph homomorphism has been studied intensively. Given an m x m symmetric matrix A, the graph homomorphism function is defined as \[Z_A (G) = \sum_{f:V->[m]} \prod_{(u,v)\in E} A_{f(u),f(v)}, \] where G = (V,E) is any undirected graph. The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-10-10 Jin-Yi Cai , Xi Chen , Pinyan Lu

We use the line digraph construction to associate an orthogonal matrix with each graph. From this orthogonal matrix, we derive two further matrices. The spectrum of each of these three matrices is considered as a graph invariant. For the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 David Emms , Edwin R. Hancock , Simone Severini , Richard C. Wilson

In this paper, we introduce a graph structure called linear dependence graph of a finite dimensional vector space over a finite field. Some basic properties of the graph like connectedness, completeness, planarity, clique number, chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-31 A. K. Bhuniya , Sushobhan Maity

The eccentricity matrix of a simple connected graph G is obtained from the distance matrix of G by retaining the largest non-zero distance in each row and column, and the remaining entries are defined to be zero. A bi-block graph is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-06 T. Divyadevi , I. Jeyaraman

We consider $n\times n$ real-valued matrices $A = (a_{ij})$ satisfying $a_{ii} \geq a_{i,i+1} \geq \dots \geq a_{in} \geq a_{i1} \geq \dots \geq a_{i,i-1}$ for $i = 1,\dots,n$. With such a matrix $A$ we associate a directed graph $G(A)$. We…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-07-03 Wouter Kager , Pieter Jacob Storm

In this paper, we introduce the comaximal graph $\Gamma(L)$ of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra $L$, whose vertices are the nontrivial proper Lie subalgebras of $L$ over a field $\mathbb{F}$, and two vertices $A$ and $B$ are adjacent if and…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-05-12 David A. Towers , Yesneri Zuleta , Ismael Gutierrez

Let $\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_n)$ be the zero divisor graph of the commutative ring $\mathbb{Z}_n$ and $L(\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_n))$ be the line graph of $\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_n)$. In this paper, we discuss about the neighborhood of a vertex, the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-26 Sheela Suthar , Om Prakash

We address the problem of identifying families of discrete models naturally flowing in continuum limit to relativistic quantum field theories. We call them Dirac graphs. In this work, we require the graphs to obey spectrality property,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-08 Corneliu Sochichiu

Applied to a nonnegative $m\times n$ matrix with a nonzero $\sigma$-diagonal, the sequence of matrices constructed by alternate row and column scaling conveges to a doubly stochastic matrix. It is proved that if this sequence converges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-17 Alex Cohen , Melvyn B. Nathanson

The eccentricity matrix of a simple connected graph is derived from its distance matrix by preserving the largest non-zero distance in each row and column, while the other entries are set to zero. This article examines the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Anjitha Ashokan , Chithra A