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While contemporary large language models (LLMs) are increasingly capable in isolation, there are still many difficult problems that lie beyond the abilities of a single LLM. For such tasks, there is still uncertainty about how best to take…

We report on experiences with implementing conversational agents in the recruitment domain based on a machine learning (ML) system. Recruitment chatbots mediate communication between job-seekers and recruiters by exposing ML data to…

There have been many recent advances in the fields of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLM), with the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) model being a leading "chatbot." LLM-based chatbots have become…

The study of animal communication often involves categorizing units into types (e.g. syllables in songbirds, or notes in humpback whales). While this approach is useful in many cases, it necessarily flattens the complexity and nuance…

This work proposes a novel general framework, in the context of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), to construct explanations for the behaviour of Machine Learning (ML) models in terms of middle-level features. One can isolate two…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the intelligence demonstrated by machines, and within the realm of AI, Machine Learning (ML) stands as a notable subset. ML employs algorithms that undergo training on data sets, enabling them to carry…

Dialogue-based language models mark a huge milestone in the field of artificial intelligence, by their impressive ability to interact with users, as well as a series of challenging tasks prompted by customized instructions. However, the…

Conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems have recently sky-rocketed in popularity and are now used in many applications, from car assistants to customer support. The development of conversational AI systems is supported by a…

The use of large language model (LLM)-powered chatbots, such as ChatGPT, has become popular across various domains, supporting a range of tasks and processes. However, due to the intrinsic complexity of LLMs, effective prompting is more…

Drawing from the resources of psychoanalysis and critical media studies, in this paper we develop an analysis of Large Language Models (LLMs) as automated subjects. We argue the intentional fictional projection of subjectivity onto LLMs can…

Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in the form of large language models (LLMs) or chatbots, has become increasingly integrated into our daily lives. In the past five years, several LLMs have been introduced, including ChatGPT by…

Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of artificial intelligence. The term applies broadly to a collection of computational algorithms and techniques that train systems from raw data rather than a priori models. ML techniques are now…

This entry introduces the topic of machine learning and provides an overview of its relevance for applied linguistics and language learning. The discussion will focus on giving an introduction to the methods and applications of machine…

Chatbots and AI assistants have claimed their importance in today life. The main reason behind adopting this technology is to connect with the user, understand their requirements, and fulfill them. This has been achieved but at the cost of…

A Language Model is a term that encompasses various types of models designed to understand and generate human communication. Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention due to their ability to process text with human-like…

Large-scale language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, are becoming increasingly sophisticated and exhibit human-like capabilities, playing an essential role in assisting humans in a variety of everyday tasks. An important application of AI…

The growing integration of AI tools in software development, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, has revolutionized how developers approach coding tasks. However, achieving high-quality code often requires iterative…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its data-centric branch of machine learning (ML) have greatly evolved over the last few decades. However, as AI is used increasingly in real world use cases, the importance of the interpretability of and…

To design tools and data pipelines for explainable B2B machine learning (ML) systems, we need to recognize not only the immediate audience of such tools and data, but also (1) their organizational context and (2) secondary audiences. Our…

Language is crucial for human intelligence, but what exactly is its role? We take language to be a part of a system for understanding and communicating about situations. The human ability to understand and communicate about situations…