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We present the first explicit comparison-based algorithm that sorts the sumset $X + Y = \{x_i + y_j,\ \forall 0 \le i, j < n\}$, where $X$ and $Y$ are sorted arrays of real numbers, in optimal $O(n^2)$ time and comparisons. While Fredman…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-24 S. Mundhra

This article introduces a new optimization method to improve mergesort's runtime complexity, when sorting sequences that have equal keys to $O(n log_2 k)$, where $k$ is the number of distinct keys in the sequence. When $k$ is constant, it…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Albert Tedja

This paper shows an application of the theory of sorting networks to facilitate the synthesis of optimized general purpose sorting libraries. Standard sorting libraries are often based on combinations of the classic Quicksort algorithm with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-08-09 Michael Codish , Luís Cruz-Filipe , Markus Nebel , Peter Schneider-Kamp

Much of the copious literature on the subject of sorting has concentrated on minimizing the number of comparisons and/or exchanges/copies. However, a more appropriate yardstick for the performance of sorting algorithms is based on the total…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-03 R. C. Hillyard , Yunlu Liaozheng , Sai Vineeth K. R

Multi-Pivot Quicksort refers to variants of classical quicksort where in the partitioning step $k$ pivots are used to split the input into $k + 1$ segments. For many years, multi-pivot quicksort was regarded as impractical, but in 2009 a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-06-01 Martin Aumüller , Martin Dietzfelbinger , Pascal Klaue

A generalization of the heapsort algorithm is proposed. At the expense of about 50% more comparison and move operations for typical cases, the dualheap sort algorithm offers several advantages over heapsort: improved cache performance,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-06-21 Greg Sepesi

One of the greatest algorithms of all time is Quicksort. Its average running time is famously O(nlog(n)), and its variance, less famously, is O(n^2) (hence its standard deviation is O(n)). But what about higher moments? Here we find…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-03-12 Shalosh B. Ekhad , Doron Zeilberger

Since the work of Kaligosi and Sanders (2006), it is well-known that Quicksort -- which is commonly considered as one of the fastest in-place sorting algorithms -- suffers in an essential way from branch mispredictions. We present a novel…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-06-27 Stefan Edelkamp , Armin Weiß

QuickSelect (aka Find), introduced by Hoare (1961), is a randomized algorithm for selecting a specified order statistic from an input sequence of $n$ objects, or rather their identifying labels usually known as keys. The keys can be numeric…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-14 James Allen Fill , Jason Matterer

FAST problem is finding minimum feedback arc set problem in tournaments. In this paper we present some algorithms that are similar to sorting algorithms for FAST problem and we analyze them. We present Pseudo_InsertionSort algorithm for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Sadra Mohammadshirazi , Alireza Bagheri

Recently, a new Quicksort variant due to Yaroslavskiy was chosen as standard sorting method for Oracle's Java 7 runtime library. The decision for the change was based on empirical studies showing that on average, the new algorithm is faster…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-10-29 Sebastian Wild , Markus E. Nebel

Dual-pivot quicksort refers to variants of classical quicksort where in the partitioning step two pivots are used to split the input into three segments. This can be done in different ways, giving rise to different algorithms. Recently, a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-10-14 Martin Aumüller , Martin Dietzfelbinger

We present a sorting algorithm for the case of recurrent random comparison errors. The algorithm essentially achieves simultaneously good properties of previous algorithms for sorting $n$ distinct elements in this model. In particular, it…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-09-22 Barbara Geissmann , Stefano Leucci , Chih-Hung Liu , Paolo Penna

I prove that the average number of comparisons for median-of-$k$ Quicksort (with fat-pivot a.k.a. three-way partitioning) is asymptotically only a constant $\alpha_k$ times worse than the lower bound for sorting random multisets with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Sebastian Wild

In-place associative integer sorting technique was proposed for integer lists which requires only constant amount of additional memory replacing bucket sort, distribution counting sort and address calculation sort family of algorithms. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-09-18 A. Emre Cetin

Many production-grade algorithms benefit from combining an asymptotically efficient algorithm for solving big problem instances, by splitting them into smaller ones, and an asymptotically inefficient algorithm with a very small…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-04-14 Margarita Markina , Maxim Buzdalov

We prove that \Omega(n log(n)) comparisons are necessary for any quantum algorithm that sorts n numbers with high success probability and uses only comparisons. If no error is allowed, at least 0.110nlog_2(n) - 0.067n + O(1) comparisons…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yaoyun Shi

In this paper, we present Ray-shooting Quickhull, which is a simple, randomized, outputsensitive version of the Quickhull algorithm for constructing the convex hull of a set of n points in the plane. We show that the randomized Ray-shooting…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Michael T. Goodrich , Ryuto Kitagawa

Sorting algorithms are the deciding factor for the performance of common operations such as removal of duplicates or database sort-merge joins. This work focuses on 32-bit integer keys, optionally paired with a 32-bit value. We present a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-09-07 Jan Wassenberg , Peter Sanders

Motivated by the development of computer theory, the sorting algorithm is emerging in an endless stream. Inspired by decrease and conquer method, we propose a brand new sorting algorithmUltimately Heapsort. The algorithm consists of two…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-04 Feiyang Chen , Nan Chen , Hanyang Mao , Hanlin Hu