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Infrared observations of stellar orbits about Sgr A* probe the mass distribution in the inner parsec of the Galaxy and provide definitive evidence for the existence of a massive black hole. However, the infrared astrometry is relative and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-08-08 Jeremy Darling , Jennie Paine , Mark J. Reid , Karl M. Menten , Shoko Sakai , Andrea Ghez

Mitigating the negative impact of noisy labels has been aperennial issue in supervised learning. Robust loss functions have emerged as a prevalent solution to this problem. In this work, we introduce the Variation Ratio as a novel property…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jialiang Wang , Xiong Zhou , Xianming Liu , Gangfeng Hu , Deming Zhai , Junjun Jiang , Haoliang Li

We establish the nonlinear stability on a timescale $O(\varepsilon^{-2})$ of a linearly, stably stratified rest state in the inviscid Boussinesq system on $\mathbb{R}^2$. Here $\varepsilon>0$ denotes the size of an initially sufficiently…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-04-15 Catalina Jurja , Klaus Widmayer

We introduce a noise-aware extension to the parametric maximum-likelihood framework for component separation by modeling correlated $1/f^\alpha$ noise as a harmonic-space power law. This approach addresses a key limitation of existing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-07 Goureesankar Sathyanathan , Josquin Errard , Soumen Basak

The stochastic noise of splitting, defined initially on the (basic) algebra of finite unions of intervals of the real line, is extended to a largest class of domains. The $\sigma$-fields of this largest extension constitute the completion,…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Matija Vidmar , Jon Warren

Given a set $A\subseteq\mathbb{N}$, we consider the relationship between stability of the structure $(\mathbb{Z},+,0,A)$ and sparsity of the set $A$. We first show that a strong enough sparsity assumption on $A$ yields stability of…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-05-22 Gabriel Conant

We tackle the problem of template estimation when data have been randomly transformed under an isometric group action in the presence of noise. In order to estimate the template, one often minimizes the variance when the influence of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-03-08 Loïc Devilliers , Xavier Pennec , Stéphanie Allassonnière

We consider the family of $r$-parallel sets in $\mathbb{R}^d$, that is sets of the form $A_r=A+rB_2^n$, where $B_2^n$ is the unit Euclidean ball and $A$ is an arbitrary Borel set. We show that the ratio between the upper surface area…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2021-02-09 Piotr Nayar

Many real-world dynamics exhibit chaos, a phenomenon in which neighboring trajectories in the state space of a dynamical system diverge exponentially over time. A common measure used for quantifying the degree of this divergence is the…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Bala Krishnamoorthy , Elizabeth Thompson

We approach the theoretical problem of compressing a signal dominated by Gaussian noise. We present expressions for the compression ratio which can be reached, under the light of Shannon's noiseless coding theorem, for a linearly quantized…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-10-31 August Romeo , Enrique Gaztanaga , Jose Barriga , Emilio Elizalde

This paper is devoted to improvements of functional inequalities based on scalings and written in terms of relative entropies. When scales are taken into account and second moments fixed accordingly, deficit functionals provide explicit…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-05-25 Jean Dolbeault , Giuseppe Toscani

We consider estimation models of the form $Y=X^*+N$, where $X^*$ is some $m$-dimensional signal we wish to recover, and $N$ is symmetrically distributed noise that may be unbounded in all but a small $\alpha$ fraction of the entries. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Tommaso d'Orsi , Rajai Nasser , Gleb Novikov , David Steurer

In this work we solve the problem of robustly learning a high-dimensional Gaussian mixture model with $k$ components from $\epsilon$-corrupted samples up to accuracy $\widetilde{O}(\epsilon)$ in total variation distance for any constant $k$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Allen Liu , Ankur Moitra

The robustness of risk measures to changes in underlying loss distributions (distributional uncertainty) is of crucial importance in making well-informed decisions. In this paper, we quantify, for the class of distortion risk measures with…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-03-14 Carole Bernard , Silvana M. Pesenti , Steven Vanduffel

The following anticoncentration property is proved. The probability that the $k$-order statistic of an arbitrarily correlated jointly Gaussian random vector $X$ with unit variance components lies within an interval of length $\varepsilon$…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-23 Damian Kozbur

The aim of this paper is to present an extension of the well-known as-ymptotic equivalence between density estimation experiments and a Gaussian white noise model. Our extension consists in enlarging the nonparametric class of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-18 Ester Mariucci

Accurately estimating the statistical properties of noise is important in data analysis for space-based gravitational wave detectors. Noise in different time-delay interferometry channels correlates with each other. Many studies often…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-18 Ya-Nan Li , Yi-Ming Hu , En-Kun Li

We consider the initial-value problem for stochastic continuity equations of the form $$ \partial_t \rho + \text{div}_h \left[\rho \left(u(t,x) + \sum_{i=1}^N a_i(x)\circ \frac{dW^i}{dt}\right)\right] = 0, $$ defined on a smooth closed…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-08-25 Luca Galimberti , Kenneth H. Karlsen

We present an extension to the robust phase estimation protocol, which can identify incorrect results that would otherwise lie outside the expected statistical range. Robust phase estimation is increasingly a method of choice for…

Most existing methods in binaural sound source localization rely on some kind of aggregation of phase-and level-difference cues in the time-frequency plane. While different ag-gregation schemes exist, they are often heuristic and suffer in…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-10-03 Antoine Deleforge , Florence Forbes