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Indirect measurement can be used to read out the outcome of a quantum system without resorting to a straightforward approach, and it is the foundation of the measurement uncertainty relations that explain the incompatibility of conjugate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-09 Ryo Mihashi , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

Work in the paradigm of the quantum fluctuation theorems of Crooks and Jarzynski is determined by projective measurements of energy at the beginning and end of the force protocol. In analogy to classical systems, we consider an alternative…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-08-04 B. Prasanna Venkatesh , Gentaro Watanabe , Peter Talkner

The celebrated exchange fluctuation theorem -- proposed by Jarzynski and W\'ozcik, (Phys Rev. Lett. 92, 230602 (2004)) for heat exchange between two systems in thermal equilibrium at different temperatures -- is explored here for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-05 A R Usha Devi , Sudha , A. K. Rajagopal , A. M. Jayannavar

Noncommutativity of observables is a central feature of quantum physics. It plays a fundamental role in the formulation of the uncertainty principle for complementary variables and strongly affects the laws of thermodynamics for systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Franklin L. S. Rodrigues , Eric Lutz

Fluctuation theorem is derived for a quantum current system around a nonequilibrium steady state. It is demonstrated that the fluctuation theorem can be a part of the generalized Green-Kubo formula or a nonlinear response theory of an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-03-30 Hisao Hayakawa

We study the statistics of energy fluctuations in a three-level quantum system subject to a sequence of projective quantum measurements. We check that, as expected, the quantum Jarzynski equality holds provided that the initial state is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-25 Guido Giachetti , Stefano Gherardini , Andrea Trombettoni , Stefano Ruffo

An open question of fundamental importance in thermodynamics is how to describe the fluctuations of work for quantum coherent processes. In the standard approach, based on a projective energy measurement both at the beginning and at the end…

The principle of microscopic reversibility is a fundamental element in the formulation of fluctuation relations and the Onsager reciprocal relations. As such, a clear description of whether and how this principle is adapted to the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 K. Khan , W. F. Magalhaes , Jailson S. Araujo , B. de Lima Bernardo , Gabriel H. Aguilar

A general tool for description of open quantum systems is given by the formalism of quantum operations. Most important of them are trace-preserving maps also known as quantum channels. We discuss those conditions on quantum channels under…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-10 Alexey E. Rastegin

In previous articles we presented a derivation of Born's rule and unitary transforms in Quantum Mechanics (QM), from a simple set of axioms built upon a physical phenomenology of quantization. Physically, the structure of QM results of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-04 Alexia Auffèves , Philippe Grangier

To define the work performed on a driven quantum system in a physically sound way has turned out to be a truly non-trivial task, except in some special cases of limited applicability. This topic has been in a focus of intense research…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-12-27 Jukka P. Pekola , Paolo Solinas , Alexander Shnirman , Dmitri V. Averin

We uncover the quantum fluctuation-response inequality, which, in the most general setting, establishes a bound for the mean difference of an observable at two different quantum states, in terms of the quantum relative entropy. When the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-22 Yan Wang

We investigate thermodynamics of feedback processes driven by measurement. Regarding system and memory device as a composite system, mutual information as a measure of correlation between the two constituents contributes to the entropy of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-04-12 Chulan Kwon

The Fluctuation Theorems are a group of exact relations that remain valid irrespective of how far the system has been driven away from equilibrium. Other than having practical applications, like determination of equilibrium free energy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-11-04 Sourabh Lahiri , A. M. Jayannavar

A quantum analogue of the Jarzynski equality is constructed. This equality connects an ensemble average of exponentiated work with the Helmholtz free-energy difference in a nonequilibrium switching process subject to a thermal heat bath. To…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Satoshi Yukawa

A quantum field model for an experiment describes thermal fluctuations explicitly and quantum fluctuations implicitly, whereas a comparable continuous random field model would describe both thermal and quantum fluctuations explicitly. An…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Peter Morgan

We present a generalization of Jarzynski's Equality, applicable to quantum systems, relating discretized mechanical work and free-energy changes. The theory is based on a step-wise pulling protocol. We find that work distribution functions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-21 Van A. Ngo , Stephan Haas

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation, originally derived for classical Markov-jump processes, provides a trade-off relation between precision and dissipation, deepening our understanding of the performance of quantum thermal machines.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-31 Junjie Liu , Dvira Segal

Exchange energy statistics between two bodies at different thermal equilibrium obey the Jarzynski-W\'ojcik fluctuation theorem. The corresponding energy scale factor is the difference of the inverse temperatures associated to the bodies at…

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation posits that higher thermodynamic costs are essential for a system to function with greater precision. Recent discussions have expanded thermodynamic uncertainty relations beyond classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-13 Yoshihiko Hasegawa