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Recently, the automated translation of source code from one programming language to another by using automatic approaches inspired by Neural Machine Translation (NMT) methods for natural languages has come under study. However, such…

Word-level quality estimation (QE) methods aim to detect erroneous spans in machine translations, which can direct and facilitate human post-editing. While the accuracy of word-level QE systems has been assessed extensively, their usability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Gabriele Sarti , Vilém Zouhar , Grzegorz Chrupała , Ana Guerberof-Arenas , Malvina Nissim , Arianna Bisazza

In Neural Machine Translation, it is typically assumed that the sentence with the highest estimated probability should also be the translation with the highest quality as measured by humans. In this work, we question this assumption and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Markus Freitag , David Grangier , Qijun Tan , Bowen Liang

In view of the fact that most of the existing machine translation evaluation algorithms only consider the lexical and syntactic information, but ignore the deep semantic information contained in the sentence, this paper proposes a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Kewei Yuan , Qiurong Zhao , Yang Xu , Xiao Zhang , Huansheng Ning

Speech-to-speech translation combines machine translation with speech synthesis, introducing evaluation challenges not present in either task alone. How to automatically evaluate speech-to-speech translation is an open question which has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Elizabeth Salesky , Julian Mäder , Severin Klinger

Classifying samples in incomplete datasets is a common aim for machine learning practitioners, but is non-trivial. Missing data is found in most real-world datasets and these missing values are typically imputed using established methods,…

Two main approaches for evaluating the quality of machine-generated rationales are: 1) using human rationales as a gold standard; and 2) automated metrics based on how rationales affect model behavior. An open question, however, is how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Samuel Carton , Anirudh Rathore , Chenhao Tan

From both human translators (HT) and machine translation (MT) researchers' point of view, translation quality evaluation (TQE) is an essential task. Translation service providers (TSPs) have to deliver large volumes of translations which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Serge Gladkoff , Irina Sorokina , Lifeng Han , Alexandra Alekseeva

Interactive reinforcement learning has shown promise in learning complex robotic tasks. However, the process can be human-intensive due to the requirement of a large amount of interactive feedback. This paper presents a new method that uses…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Shukai Liu , Chenming Wu , Ying Li , Liangjun Zhang

Human evaluation is a critical component in machine translation system development and has received much attention in text translation research. However, little prior work exists on the topic of human evaluation for speech translation,…

Jung et al. (2025) introduce a hypothesis testing framework for guaranteeing agreement between large language models (LLMs) and human judgments, relying on the assumption that the model's estimated confidence is monotonic with respect to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Gaojie Jin , Yong Tao , Lijia Yu , Tianjin Huang

In this paper, we argue that the prevailing approach to training and evaluating machine learning models often fails to consider their real-world application within organizational or societal contexts, where they are intended to create…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Burcu Sayin , Jie Yang , Xinyue Chen , Andrea Passerini , Fabio Casati

English proficiency assessments have become a necessary metric for filtering and selecting prospective candidates for both academia and industry. With the rise in demand for such assessments, it has become increasingly necessary to have the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Pakhi Bamdev , Manraj Singh Grover , Yaman Kumar Singla , Payman Vafaee , Mika Hama , Rajiv Ratn Shah

Simultaneous interpretation, translation of the spoken word in real-time, is both highly challenging and physically demanding. Methods to predict interpreter confidence and the adequacy of the interpreted message have a number of potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-09 Craig Stewart , Nikolai Vogler , Junjie Hu , Jordan Boyd-Graber , Graham Neubig

Automated interpretability systems aim to reduce the need for human labor and scale analysis to increasingly large models and diverse tasks. Recent efforts toward this goal leverage large language models (LLMs) at increasing levels of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Tal Haklay , Nikhil Prakash , Sana Pandey , Antonio Torralba , Aaron Mueller , Jacob Andreas , Tamar Rott Shaham , Yonatan Belinkov

Human evaluation for natural language generation (NLG) often suffers from inconsistent user ratings. While previous research tends to attribute this problem to individual user preferences, we show that the quality of human judgements can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Jekaterina Novikova , Ondřej Dušek , Verena Rieser

Automatic metrics are commonly used as the exclusive tool for declaring the superiority of one machine translation system's quality over another. The community choice of automatic metric guides research directions and industrial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Tom Kocmi , Christian Federmann , Roman Grundkiewicz , Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt , Hitokazu Matsushita , Arul Menezes

One of the most important problems in machine translation (MT) evaluation is to evaluate the similarity between translation hypotheses with different surface forms from the reference, especially at the segment level. We propose to use word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-04 Junki Matsuo , Mamoru Komachi , Katsuhito Sudoh

Information systems increasingly leverage artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to generate value from vast amounts of data. However, ML models are imperfect and can generate incorrect classifications. Hence,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Johannes Jakubik , Daniel Weber , Patrick Hemmer , Michael Vössing , Gerhard Satzger

Machine learning models are widely applied in various fields. Stakeholders often use post-hoc feature importance methods to better understand the input features' contribution to the models' predictions. The interpretation of the importance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-19 Bitya Neuhof , Yuval Benjamini