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In number theory, great efforts have been undertaken to study the Cohen-Lenstra probability measure on the set of all finite abelian $p$-groups. On the other hand, group theorists have studied a probability measure on the set of all…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-12-31 Johannes Lengler

The Cohen-Lenstra heuristic predicts the distribution of ideal class groups over number fields. Random matrix models provide a natural framework for explaining this heuristic, and recent results demonstrate the effectiveness of these tools.…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Yue Xu , Xiuwu Zhu

We propose a modification to the Cohen--Lenstra prediction for the distribution of class groups of number fields, which should also apply when the base field contains non-trivial roots of unity. The underlying heuristic derives from the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-04-10 Michael Adam , Gunter Malle

The Cohen-Lenstra-Martinet heuristics predict the frequency with which a fixed finite abelian group appears as an ideal class group of an extension of number fields, for certain sets of extensions of a base field. Recently, Malle found…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-30 Derek Garton

Let $L/K$ be a quadratic extension of global fields. We study Cohen-Lenstra heuristics for the $\ell$-part of the relative class group $G_{L/K} := \textrm{Cl}(L/K)$ when $K$ contains $\ell^n$th roots of unity. While the moments of a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-27 Michael Lipnowski , Will Sawin , Jacob Tsimerman

We investigate combinatorial properties of a family of probability distributions on finite abelian p-groups. This family includes several well-known distributions as specializations. These specializations have been studied in the context of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-25 Jason Fulman , Nathan Kaplan

The Cohen-Lenstra heuristic is a universal principle that assigns to each group a probability that tells how often this group should occur "in nature". The most important, but not the only, applications are sequences of class groups, which…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-05-03 Johannes Lengler

Let $(R, \mathfrak{m})$ be a complete discrete valuation ring with the finite residue field $R/\mathfrak{m} = \mathbb{F}_{q}$. Given a monic polynomial $P(t) \in R[t]$ whose reduction modulo $\mathfrak{m}$ gives an irreducible polynomial…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-05 Gilyoung Cheong , Yifeng Huang

We observe that Anzanello's work on the proportion of derangements in affine classical groups over finite fields is related to symplectic and orthogonal Cohen-Lenstra type distributions on integer partitions. This leads to a proof of three…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Jason Fulman , Dennis Stanton

The Cohen-Lenstra-Martinet Heuristics gives a prediction of the distribution of $\operatorname{Cl}_K[p^\infty]$ whne $K$ runs over $\Gamma$-fields and $p\nmid|\Gamma|$. In this paper, we prove several results on the distribution of ideal…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-18 Weitong Wang

Cohen-Lenstra heuristics for Jacobians of random graphs give rise to random partitions. We connect these random partitions to the Hall-Littlewood polynomials of symmetric function theory, and use this connection to give combinatorial proofs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-03-04 Jason Fulman

In this paper we give a conjecture for the average number of unramified $G$-extensions of a quadratic field for any finite group $G$. The Cohen-Lenstra heuristics are the specialization of our conjecture to the case that $G$ is abelian of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-20 Melanie Matchett Wood , Philip Matchett Wood

This article deals with the coherence of the model given by the Cohen-Lenstra heuristic philosophy for class groups and also for their generalizations to Tate-Shafarevich groups. More precisely, our first goal is to extend a previous result…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-04-01 Christophe Delaunay , Frédéric Jouhet

We formulate a model for the average behaviour of ray class groups of real quadratic fields with respect to a fixed rational modulus, locally at a finite set $S$ of odd primes. To that end, we introduce Arakelov ray class groups of a number…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-25 Alex Bartel , Carlo Pagano

We generalize the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics over function fields to \'{e}tale group schemes $G$ (with the classical case of abelian groups corresponding to constant group schemes). By using the results of Ellenberg-Venkatesh-Westerland, we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-27 Michael Lipnowski , Jacob Tsimerman

We propose a modification of the predictions of the Cohen--Lenstra heuristic for class groups of number fields in the case where roots of unity are present in the base field. As evidence for this modified formula we provide a large set of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-14 Gunter Malle

The main aim of the present paper is to disprove the Cohen--Lenstra--Martinet heuristics in two different ways and to offer possible corrections. We also recast the heuristics in terms of Arakelov class groups, giving an explanation for the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-16 Alex Bartel , Hendrik W. Lenstra

The goal of this paper is to prove theorems that elucidate the Cohen-Lenstra-Martinet conjectures for the distributions of class groups of number fields, and further the understanding of their implications. We start by giving a simpler…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-18 Weitong Wang , Melanie Matchett Wood

Motivated by questions in algebraic geometry, Yifeng Huang recently derived generating functions for counting mutually annihilating matrices and mutually annihilating nilpotent matrices over a finite field. We give a different derivation of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-19 Jason Fulman , Robert Guralnick

For a finite abelian 2-group $G$, we study the frequency with which quadratic imaginary number fields $K$ have 2-part of their class group $K$ isomorphic to $G$. A philosophy enunciated by Gerth extends the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics for…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-05 Nathan Jones , Cam McLeman
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