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A graph is {\em perfect} if, in all its induced subgraphs, the size of a largest clique is equal to the chromatic number. Examples of perfect graphs include bipartite graphs, line graphs of bipartite graphs and the complements of such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Gérard Cornuéjols

We revisit results obtained in [F. Harary, U. Peled, Hamiltonian threshold graphs, Discrete Appl.~Math., 16 (1987), 11--15], where several necessary and necessary and sufficient conditions for a connected threshold graph to be Hamiltonian…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-17 Milica Andelic , Tamara Koledin , Zoran Stanic

Perfect graphs form one of the distinguished classes of finite simple graphs. In 2006, Chudnovsky, Robertson, Seymour and Thomas proved that a graph is perfect if and only if it has no odd holes and no odd antiholes as induced subgraphs,…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2023-07-14 Hidefumi Ohsugi , Kazuki Shibata , Akiyoshi Tsuchiya

This paper has been withdrawn by the author. Peterson and Woodall previously proved that the list-edge-colouring conjecture holds for graphs without odd cycles of length 5 or longer. D. Peterson and D. R. Woodall, Edge-choosability in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-11 Jessica McDonald

Let $D$ be a digraph. A collection of disjoint sets of vertices (respec., collection of disjoint subdigraphs) $\mathcal{H}$ of $D$ and a vertex subset (or subdigraph) $Q$ of $D$ are orthogonal if every set (respec., subdigraph) $H \in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Caroline A. de Paula Silva , Cândida Nunes da Silva , Orlando Lee

A hole is a chordless cycle with at least four vertices. A hole is odd if it has an odd number of vertices. A dart is a graph which vertices $a, b, c, d, e$ and edges $ab, bc, bd, be, cd, de$. Dart-free graphs have been actively studied in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-30 Chính T. Hoàng

Erd{\H o}s (1963) initiated extensive graph discrepancy research on 2-edge-colored graphs. Gishboliner, Krivelevich, and Michaeli (2023) launched similar research on oriented graphs. They conjectured the following extension of Dirac's…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Jiangdong Ai , Qiwen Guo , Gregory Gutin , Yongxin Lan , Qi Shao , Anders Yeo , Yacong Zhou

For most problems pertaining to perfect matchings, one may restrict attention to matching covered graphs - that is, connected nontrivial graphs with the property that each edge belongs to some perfect matching. There is extensive literature…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-21 Aditya Y Dalwadi , Kapil R Shenvi Pause , Ajit A Diwan , Nishad Kothari

Answering a question of Diestel, we develop a topological notion of gammoids in infinite graphs which, unlike traditional infinite gammoids, always define a matroid. As our main tool, we prove for any infinite graph $G$ with vertex sets $A$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-04-02 Johannes Carmesin

A hole in a graph is an induced subgraph which is a cycle of length at least four. A graph is chordal if it contains no holes. Following McKee and Scheinerman (1993), we define the chordality of a graph $G$ to be the minimum number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-10 Aristotelis Chaniotis , Babak Miraftab , Sophie Spirkl

For a graph whose vertex set is a finite set of points in the Euclidean $d$-space consider the closed (open) balls with diameters induced by its edges. The graph is called a (an open) Tverberg graph if these closed (open) balls intersect.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-10 Olimjoni Pirahmad , Alexandr Polyanskii , Alexey Vasilevskii

Universal cycles, such as De Bruijn cycles, are cyclic sequences of symbols that represent every combinatorial object from some family exactly once as a consecutive subsequence. Graph universal cycles are a graph analogue of universal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-14 Rachel Kirsch , Clare Sibley , Elizabeth Sprangel

Hamiltonian cycles in graphs were first studied in the 1850s. Since then, an impressive amount of research has been dedicated to identifying classes of graphs that allow Hamiltonian cycles, and to related questions. The corresponding…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Isolde Adler , Noleen Köhler

Inverse graph semigroups were defined by Ash and Hall in 1975. They found necessary and sufficient conditions for the semigroups to be congruence free. In this paper we give a description of congruences on a graph inverse semigroup in terms…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-29 Zheng-Pan Wang

The 1-2-3 Conjecture, introduced by Karo\'nski, {\L}uczak, and Thomason in 2004, was recently solved by Keusch. This implies that, for any connected graph $G$ different from $K_2$, we can turn $G$ into a locally irregular multigraph $M(G)$,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Julien Bensmail , Romain Bourneuf , Paul Colinot , Samuel Humeau , Timothée Martinod

This is a graduate-level introduction to graph theory, corresponding to a quarter-long course. It covers simple graphs, multigraphs as well as their directed analogues, and more restrictive classes such as tournaments, trees and…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Darij Grinberg

We give several results showing that different discrete structures typically gain certain spanning substructures (in particular, Hamilton cycles) after a modest random perturbation. First, we prove that adding linearly many random edges to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-23 Michael Krivelevich , Matthew Kwan , Benny Sudakov

Graph invariants provide a powerful analytical tool for investigation of abstract structures of graphs. They, combined in convenient relations, carry global and general information about a graph and its various substructures such as cycle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-09-15 Zh. G. Nikoghosyan

In a sequence of four papers, we prove the following results (via a unified approach) for all sufficiently large $n$: (i) [1-factorization conjecture] Suppose that $n$ is even and $D \geq 2\lceil n/4\rceil -1$. Then every $D$-regular graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-24 Béla Csaba , Daniela Kühn , Allan Lo , Deryk Osthus , Andrew Treglown

Understanding how the cycles of a graph or digraph behave in general has always been an important point of graph theory. In this paper, we study the question of finding a set of $k$ vertex-disjoint cycles (resp. directed cycles) of distinct…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-11 Julien Bensmail , Ararat Harutyunyan , Ngoc Khang Le , Binlong Li , Nicolas Lichiardopol