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When metals are magnetized, emulsions phase separate, or galaxies cluster, domain walls and patterns form and irremediably coarsen over time. Such coarsening is universally driven by diffusive relaxation toward equilibrium. Here, we…

Time crystals are classified as discrete or continuous depending on whether they spontaneously break discrete or continuous time translation symmetry. While discrete time crystals have been extensively studied in periodically driven systems…

Time crystals are physical systems whose time translation symmetry is spontaneously broken. Although the spontaneous breaking of continuous time-translation symmetry in static systems is proved impossible for the equilibrium state, the…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2020-08-19 Lingzhen Guo , Pengfei Liang

Recently, a theoretical study [Li {\it et al.},~npj Quantum Materials 6, 36 (2021)] investigated a model of a disordered $d$-wave superconductor, and reported local time-reversal symmetry breaking current loops for sufficiently high…

Superconductivity · Physics 2022-01-05 Clara N. Breiø , P. J. Hirschfeld , Brian M. Andersen

The charge density wave (CDW) is a condensate that often forms in layered materials. It is known to carry electric current \emph{en masse}, but the transport mechanism remains poorly understood at the microscopic level. Its quantum nature…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-10-17 John H. Miller , Martha Y. Suárez-Villagrán , Johnathan O. Sanderson

The addition of uniaxial random fields to the XY model induces an order-by disorder transition, in which the XY magnet develops a spontaneous magnetization in the direction perpendicular to the uniaxial random field. Here, we use…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-09-25 Sayan Basak , Karin A. Dahmen , Erica W. Carlson

The electronic orders appearing in condensed matter systems are originating from the precise arrangement of atoms constituting the crystal as well as their nature. This teneous relationship can lead to highly different phases in condensed…

The spontaneous breaking of symmetries is a widespread phenomenon in physics. When time translational symmetry is spontaneously broken, an exotic nonequilibrium state of matter in which the same structures repeat themselves in time can…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-12-10 Marina Evers , Raphael Wittkowski

Motivated by the Generalized Uncertainty Principle, covariance, and a minimum measurable time, we propose a deformation of the Heisenberg algebra and show that this leads to corrections to all quantum mechanical systems. We also demonstrate…

General Physics · Physics 2016-01-27 Mir Faizal , Mohammed M. Khalil , Saurya Das

Topological spin textures emerging in magnetic materials usually appear in crystalline states. A long-standing dilemma is whether we should understand these emergent crystals as gathering particles or coupling waves, the answer of which…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-12-18 Yangfan Hu

I argue that a single driven quantum Van der Pol oscillator should not be considered a dissipative time crystal, contrary to previous claims. In particular, I show that its phase is prone to randomly drift when considering dephasing or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-06 Carlos Navarrete-Benlloch

Time crystals are classified into discrete time crystals and continuous time crystals based on whether they spontaneously break time-translation symmetry. Continuous-time crystals do not require external driving. By introducing AdS/CFT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Ximo Wang , Qiwei Han , Zhenqi Bai , Hongyan Fan , Yichi Zhang

Low-dimensional electron systems, as realized naturally in graphene or created artificially at the interfaces of heterostructures, exhibit a variety of fascinating quantum phenomena with great prospects for future applications. Once…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-08-03 T. Ritschel , J. Trinckauf , K. Koepernik , B. Büchner , M. v. Zimmermann , H. Berger , Y. I. Joe , P. Abbamonte , J. Geck

Charge density waves (CDWs) are collective electronic states that can reshape and melt, even while confined within a rigid atomic crystal. In two dimensions, melting is predicted to be distinct, proceeding through partially ordered nematic…

Time-variant systems have recently garnered considerable attention due to their unique potentials in manipulating electromagnetic waves. Here, a novel class of topological spacetime crystals is introduced, with a traveling-wave modulation…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-24 João C. Serra , Mário G. Silveirinha

In this article, we review different studies based on advanced x-ray diffraction techniques - especially coherent x-ray diffraction - that allowed us to reveal the behaviour of such symmetry-breaking systems as Charge Density Wave (CDW) and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-07-26 David Le Bolloc'h , E. Bellec , N. Kirova , V. L. R. Jacques

Time crystals are a nonequilibrium phase of matter that extend fundamental spontaneous symmetry breaking into the temporal dimension, typically requiring external driving for their realization. Here, we explore the nonequilibrium phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Shu Yang , Zeqing Wang , Libin Fu , Jianwen Jie

Incommensurate charge density waves (CDW) have the extraordinary ability to display non-Ohmic behavior when submitted to an external field. The mechanism leading to this non trivial dynamics is still not well understood, although recent…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-04-01 E. Bellec , I. Gonzalez-Vallejo , V. L. R. Jacques , A. A. Sinchenko , A. P. Orlov , P. Monceau , S. J. Leake , D. Le Bolloc'h

We theoretically show that a temporally oscillating spin-driven electromotive force or voltage with a large DC component can be generated by exciting microwave-active spin-wave modes of a skyrmion crystal confined in a quasi two-dimensional…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-08-31 Tatsuya Koide , Akihito Takeuchi , Masahito Mochizuki

It has been argued that the existence of time crystals requires a spontaneous breakdown of the continuous time translation symmetry so to account for the unexpected non-stationary behavior of quantum observables in the ground state. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-23 Alex E. Bernardini , Orfeu Bertolami