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Homophily -- the tendency of nodes to connect to others of the same type -- is a central issue in the study of networks. Here we take a local view of homophily, defining notions of first-order homophily of a node (its individual tendency to…
How self-organization leads to the emergence of structure in social populations remains a fascinating and open question in the study of complex systems. One frequently observed structure that emerges again and again across systems is that…
Electronic communication records provide detailed information about temporal aspects of human interaction. Previous studies have shown that individuals' communication patterns have complex temporal structure, and that this structure has…
Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, but they often propagate biases embedded in their training data, which is potentially impactful in sensitive domains like healthcare. While existing benchmarks…
Social networks are pivotal for learning. Yet, we still lack a full understanding of the mechanisms connecting networks with learning outcomes. Here, we present the results of a large scale study (946 elementary school children from 45…
Homophily and social influence are the fundamental mechanisms that drive the evolution of attitudes, beliefs and behaviour within social groups. Homophily relates the similarity between pairs of individuals' attitudinal states to their…
This paper investigates gender bias in Large Language Model (LLM)-generated teacher evaluations in higher education setting, focusing on evaluations produced by GPT-4 across six academic subjects. By applying a comprehensive analytical…
Earlier attempts to investigate the changes of the role of friendship in different life stages have failed due to lack of data. We close this gap by using a large data set of mobile phone calls from a European country in 2007, to study how…
In recent years, numerous studies have been published dealing with the effect of individual characteristics of pedestrians on the fundamental diagram. These studies compared cumulative data on individuals in a group homogeneous in terms of…
Studies using massive, passively data collected from communication technologies have revealed many ubiquitous aspects of social networks, helping us understand and model social media, information diffusion, and organizational dynamics. More…
The increasing integration of AI tools in education has led prior research to explore their impact on learning processes. Nevertheless, most existing studies focus on higher education and conventional instructional contexts, leaving open…
Socio-demographic disparities in STEM degree outcomes impact the diversity of the UK's future workforce, particularly in fields essential for innovation and growth. Despite the importance of institution-level, longitudinal analyses in…
Early exposure to Computer Science (CS) for all is critical to broaden participation and promote equity in the field. But how does introducting CS into primary school curricula impact learning, perception, and gaps between groups of…
In recent years, ChatGPT \cite{openai_2023_gpt4} along with Microsoft Copilot have become subjects of great discourse, particularly in the field of education. Prior research has hypothesized on potential impacts these tools could have on…
Age and gender are two important factors that play crucial roles in the way organisms allocate their social effort. In this study, we analyse a large mobile phone dataset to explore the way lifehistory influences human sociality and the way…
Contact networks are heterogeneous. People with similar characteristics are more likely to interact, a phenomenon called assortative mixing or homophily. While age-assortativity is well-established and social contact matrices for…
In Early Head Start (EHS), teacher-child interactions are widely believed to shape infant-toddler outcomes, yet large-scale studies often find only modest or null associations. This study addresses four methodological sources of attenuation…
Gender inequality starts before birth. Parents tend to prefer boys over girls, which is manifested in reproductive behavior, marital life, and parents' pastimes and investments in their children. While social media and sharing information…
Children acquire object category representations from their everyday experiences in the first few years of life. What do the inputs to this learning process look like? We analyzed first-person videos of young children's visual experience at…
This review article provides an overview of research on the topic of gender equity in educational physics labs. As many institutions and instructors seek to evolve or transform physics lab learning, it is important that changes are made…