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The Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem lies at the core of many applications in combinatorial optimization, software verification, cryptography, and machine learning. While state-of-the-art solvers have demonstrated high efficiency in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhiwei Zhang , Samy Wu Fung , Anastasios Kyrillidis , Stanley Osher , Moshe Y. Vardi

Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus exhibits higher throughput in comparison to Proof of Work (PoW) in blockchains. But BFT-based protocols suffer from scalability problems with respect to the number of replicas in the network. The…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Mohammad M. Jalalzai , Costas Busch , Golden Richard

Over the last two decades, we have seen a dramatic improvement in the efficiency of conflict-driven clause-learning Boolean satisfiability (CDCL SAT) solvers on industrial problems from a variety of domains. The availability of such…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Saeed Nejati , Vijay Ganesh

We propose a new approach to SAT solving which solves SAT problems in vector spaces as a cost minimization problem of a non-negative differentiable cost function J^sat. In our approach, a solution, i.e., satisfying assignment, for a SAT…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Taisuke Sato , Ryosuke Kojima

Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) and SAT solvers are critical components in many formal software tools, primarily due to the fact that they are able to easily solve logical problem instances with millions of variables and clauses. This…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Gereon Kremer , Erika Abraham , Vijay Ganesh

The Circuit Satisfiability (CSAT) problem, a variant of the Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem, plays a critical role in integrated circuit design and verification. However, existing SAT solvers, optimized for Conjunctive Normal Form…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Zhengyuan Shi , Tiebing Tang , Jiaying Zhu , Sadaf Khan , Hui-Ling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Zhufei Chu , Qiang Xu

Feature extraction is a fundamental task in the application of machine learning methods to SAT solving. It is used in algorithm selection and configuration for solver portfolios and satisfiability classification. Many approaches have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Benjamin Provan-Bessell , Marco Dalla , Andrea Visentin , Barry O'Sullivan

An algorithm for a particular problem may find some instances of the problem easier and others harder to solve, even for a fixed input size. We numerically analyse the relative hardness of MAX 2-SAT problem instances for various…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-24 Puya Mirkarimi , Adam Callison , Lewis Light , Nicholas Chancellor , Viv Kendon

Noisy optimization is the optimization of objective functions corrupted by noise. A portfolio of solvers is a set of solvers equipped with an algorithm selection tool for distributing the computational power among them. Portfolios are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-11-05 Marie-Liesse Cauwet , Jialin Liu , Rozière Baptiste , Olivier Teytaud

In 2000, I published a relatively comprehensive study of mappings between propositional satisfiability (SAT) and constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) [Wal00]. I analysed four different mappings of SAT problems into CSPs, and two of CSPs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Toby Walsh

SAT provers are powerful tools for solving real-sized logic problems, but using them requires solid programming knowledge and may be seen w.r.t.\ logic like assembly language w.r.t.\ programming. Something like a high level language was…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-07-15 Khaled Skander Ben Slimane , Alexis Comte , Olivier Gasquet , Abdelwahab Heba , Olivier Lezaud , Frederic Maris , Mael Valais

Today's propositional satisfiability (SAT) solvers are extremely powerful and can be used as an efficient back-end for solving NP-complete problems. However, many fundamental problems in knowledge representation and reasoning are located at…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-07-04 Ronald de Haan , Stefan Szeider

We present a new approach to enhancing Answer Set Programming (ASP) with Constraint Processing techniques which allows for solving interesting Constraint Satisfaction Problems in ASP. We show how constraints on finite domains can be…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-07-26 Christian Drescher , Toby Walsh

There are a huge number of problems, from various areas, being solved by reducing them to SAT. However, for many applications, translation into SAT is performed by specialized, problem-specific tools. In this paper we describe a new system…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Predrag Janicic

Recent research has shown that a single arbitrarily efficient solver can be significantly outperformed by a portfolio of possibly slower on-average solvers. The solver selection is usually done by means of (un)supervised learning techniques…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-04-03 Roberto Amadini , Maurizio Gabbrielli , Jacopo Mauro

Sorting networks are oblivious sorting algorithms with many practical applications and rich theoretical properties. Propositional encodings of sorting networks are a key tool for proving concrete bounds on the minimum number of comparators…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-17 José A. R. Fonollosa

The constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) is a computational problem that includes a range of important problems in computer science. We point out that fundamental concepts of the CSP, such as the solution set of an instance and…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-04 Soichiro Fujii , Yuni Iwamasa , Kei Kimura

Given a satisfiable instance of 1-in-3 SAT, it is NP-hard to find a satisfying assignment for it, but it may be possible to efficiently find a solution subject to a weaker (not necessarily Boolean) predicate than `1-in-3'. There is a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Andrei Krokhin , Danny Vagnozzi

Reconfiguration aims at recovering a system from a fault by automatically adapting the system configuration, such that the system goal can be reached again. Classical approaches typically use a set of pre-defined faults for which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Kaja Balzereit , Oliver Niggemann

In computational complexity theory, a decision problem is NP-complete when it is both in NP and NP-hard. Although a solution to a NP-complete can be verified quickly, there is no known algorithm to solve it in polynomial time. There exists…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Wenxia Guo , Jin Wang , Majun He , Xiaoqin Ren , Wenhong Tian , Qingxian Wang