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With advancements in microelectromechanical systems, low-power integrated circuits, and wireless communications, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become increasingly significant [1][2]. These distributed networks enable efficient…
A critical need in Mobile Wireless Sensor Network (MWSN) is to achieve energy efficiency during routing as the sensor nodes have scarce energy resource. The nodes' mobility in MWSN poses a challenge to design an energy efficient routing…
Recent developments and widespread in wireless sensor network have led to many routing protocols, many of these protocols consider the efficiency of energy as the ultimate factor to maximize the WSN lifetime. The quality of Service (QoS)…
Cluster based routing technique is most popular routing technique in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Due to varying need of WSN applications efficient energy utilization in routing protocols is still a potential area of research. In this…
A wireless sensor network (WSN) has important applications such as remote environmental monitoring and target tracking. This has been enabled by the availability, particularly in recent years, of sensors that are smaller, cheaper, and…
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN), similar to the terrestrial sensor networks, have different challenges such as limited bandwidth, low battery power, defective underwater channels, and high variable propagation delay. A crucial…
Lately, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become an emerging technology and can be utilized in some crucial circumstances like battlegrounds, commercial applications, habitat observing, buildings, smart homes, traffic surveillance and…
Recent advances in micro-sensor and communication technology have enabled the emergence of a new technology, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). WSN have emerging recently as a key solution to monitor remote or hostile environments and concern…
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are extensively utilized in critical applications, including remote monitoring, target tracking, healthcare systems, industrial automation, and smart control in both residential and industrial settings. One…
There are many challenges when designing and deploying wireless sensor networks (WSNs). One of the key challenges is how to make full use of the limited energy to prolong the lifetime of the network, because energy is a valuable resource in…
The purpose of a wireless sensor network (WSN) is to provide the users with access to the information of interest from data gathered by spatially distributed sensors. Generally the users require only certain aggregate functions of this…
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is the collection of many small size low cost, battery operated sensor nodes distributed over the targeted region to collect the information of interest. We can say these networks can be a fruitful solution…
Clustering in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an important technique to ease topology management and routing. Clustering provides an effective method for prolonging lifetime of a WSN. This paper proposes energy efficient multi-level…
Energy Efficiency in wireless sensor networks is an important topic in which the nodes rely on battery power, and efficient energy usage is a key issue for sensitive applications that require long working times. This stimulates many…
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained researchers' attention in the last several years. Small sensors powered by miniaturized microprocessors are capable of supporting several applications for civil and military domains. Determining…
In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), typically composed of nodes with resource constraints, leveraging efficient processes is crucial to enhance the network lifetime and, consequently, the sustainability in ultra-dense and heterogeneous…
Advances in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology have provided the availability of small and low-cost sensor with capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing, and wireless communication.…
This paper is about the wireless sensor network in environmental monitoring applications. A Wireless Sensor Network consists of many sensor nodes and a base station. The number and type of sensor nodes and the design protocols for any…
Wireless sensors networks performance are strictly related to the medium access mechanism. An effective one, require non-conventional paradigms for protocol design due to several constraints. An adequate equilibrium between communication…
We develop an energy-efficient routing protocol in order to enhance the stability period of wireless sensor networks. This protocol is called weighted election protocol (WEP). It introduces a scheme to combine clustering strategy with chain…