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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are increasing to handle complex situations and functions. In these networks some of the nodes become Cluster Heads (CHs) which are responsible to aggregate data of from cluster members and transmit it to…
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), one of the fundamental technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT), can provide sensing and communication services efficiently for IoT-based applications, especially energy-limited applications. Clustering…
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure,etc. In sensing applications, data packets are flowing from sensor…
Cluster based routing technique is most popular routing technique in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Due to varying need of WSN applications efficient energy utilization in routing protocols is still a potential area of research. In this…
Since we are not able to replace the battery in a wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the issues of energy and lifetime are the most important parameters. In asymmetrical networks, different sensors with various abilities are used. Super…
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) suffers from the hot spot problem where the sensor nodes closest to the base station are need to relay more packet than the nodes farther away from the base station. Thus, lifetime of sensory network depends…
Wireless Sensor networks are dense networks of small, low-cost sensors, which collect and disseminate environmental data and thus facilitate monitoring and controlling of physical environment from remote locations with better accuracy. The…
Energy Efficiency of a wireless sensor network (WSN) relies on its main characteristics, including hop-number, user's location, allocated power, and relay. Identifying nodes, which have more impact on these characteristics, is, however,…
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have severe energy constraints imposed by limited capacity of the internal battery of sensor nodes. These restrictions stimulate the development of energy-efficient strategies aimed at increasing the period of…
An energy efficient routing protocol is the major attentiveness for researcher in field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In this paper, we present some energy efficient hierarchal routing protocols, prosper from conventional Low Energy…
In this paper we propose a new routing protocol with low energy consumption for wireless sensor networks based on the clustering approach. Our protocol is based on a strategy which aims at providing a more equitable exploitation of the…
Network lifetime is always a challenging issue in battery-powered networks due to the difficulty of recharging or replacing nodes in some scenarios. Clustering methods are a promising approach to tackle this challenge and prolong lifetime…
An energy efficient routing protocol is the major concern in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In this survey paper, we present energy efficient hierarchical routing protocols, developed from conventional LEACH routing protocol. Main focus…
Energy-efficient communication is an important issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consisting of large number of energy-constrained sensor nodes. Indeed, sensor nodes have different energy budgets assigned to data transmission at…
Energy management is one of the critical parameters in Wireless Sensor Networks. In this paper we attempt for a solution to balance the energy usage for maximizing the network lifetime, increase the packet delivery ratio and throughput. Our…
The nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) contain limited energy resources, which are needed to transmit data to base station (BS). Routing protocols are designed to reduce the energy consumption. Clustering algorithms are best in this…
We study a heterogeneous wireless sensor network (WSN) where N heterogeneous access points (APs) gather data from densely deployed sensors and transmit their sensed information to M heterogeneous fusion centers (FCs) via multi-hop wireless…
Clustering is an important concept to reduce the energy consumption and prolonging the life of a wireless sensor network. In heterogeneous wireless sensor network some of the nodes are equipped with more energy than the other nodes. Many…
Clustering is an important research topic for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A large variety of approaches has been presented focusing on different performance metrics. Even though all of them have many practical applications, an…
In order to gather information more efficiently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are partitioned into clusters. Most proposed clustering algorithms do not consider the location of the base station. This situation causes hot spot problems in…