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Photoabsorption of atomic oxygen in the energy region below the $\rm 1s^{-1}$ threshold in x-ray spectroscopy from {\it Chandra} and {\it XMM-Newton} is observed in a variety of x-ray binary spectra. Photoabsorption cross sections…
Precision spectroscopy has long played a central role in testing the foundations of physics, from the early insights that led to the development of quantum mechanics to the validation of quantum electrodynamics and the determination of…
During the last decade, many exciting phenomena have been experimentally observed and theoretically predicted for ultracold atoms in optical lattices. This paper reviews these rapid developments concentrating mainly on the theory. Different…
Hypernuclei, nuclei containing one or more hyperons, serve as unique laboratories for probing the non-perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Recent progress in hypernuclear physics, driven by advanced experimental techniques and…
Recent progress in laser and x-ray spectroscopy of muonic atoms offers promising long-term possibilities at the intersection of atomic, nuclear and particle physics. In muonic hydrogen, laser spectroscopy measurements will determine the…
Free electrons provide a powerful tool to probe material properties at atomic-scale spatial resolution. Recent advances in ultrafast electron microscopy enable the manipulation of free electron wavefunctions using laser pulses. It would be…
We consider theoretically the energy loss of electrons scattered to high angles when assuming that the primary beam can be limited to a single atom. We discuss the possibility of identifying the isotopes of light elements and of extracting…
A new technique to search for new scalar and tensor interactions at the sub-micrometer scale is presented. The technique relies on small shifts of nuclear gamma lines produced by the coupling between matter and the nuclei in the source or…
The standard experimental techniques usually adopted in the study of the behaviour of ultracold atoms in optical lattices involve extracting the atom density profile from absorption images of the atomic sample after trap release. Quantum…
Biphotons and single photons with narrow bandwidths and long coherence times are essential to the realization of long-distance quantum communication (LDQC) and linear optical quantum computing (LOQC). In this Letter, we manipulate the…
We propose a new method for creating far-field optical barrier potentials for ultracold atoms with widths that are narrower than the diffraction limit and can approach tens of nanometers. The reduced widths stem from the nonlinear atomic…
In the framework of nuclear physics and at nuclear physics facilities a large number of different experiments can be performed which render the possibility to investigate fundamental symmetries and interactions in nature. In particular, the…
Various issues related to the direct detection of supersymmetric dark matter are reviewed. Such are: 1) Construction of supersymmetric models with a number of parameters, which are constrained from the data at low energies as well as…
A theoretical approach was developed for an exact numerical description of a pair of ultracold atoms interacting via a central potential that are trapped in a three-dimensional optical lattice. The coupling of center-of-mass and…
We have previously used an array of cryogenic microcalorimeters with 4 eV energy resolution to measure emission-line profiles and energies of the characteristic L-shell x rays of four elements of the lanthanide series: praseodymium,…
Ultracold atoms in optical lattices have proven to provide an extremely clean and controlled setting to explore quantum many-body phases of matter. Now, imaging of atoms in such lattice structures has reached the level of single-atom…
Progress on researches in the field of molecules at cold and ultracold temperatures is reported in this review. It covers extensively the experimental methods to produce, detect and characterize cold and ultracold molecules including…
The detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos, with energies in the PeV range or above, is a topic of great interest in modern astroparticle physics. The importance comes from the fact that these neutrinos point back to the most energetic…
Analyses of comprehensive sets of strong-interaction data consisting of level shifts, widths and yields in strange atoms of K mesons and Sigma hyperons are reviewed. The introduction of density dependent optical potentials, in both cases,…
Two roads are presently being followed in order to establish the existence of a liquid-gas phase transition in finite nuclear systems from nuclear reactions at high energy. The clean experiment of observing the thermodynamic properties of a…