Related papers: The Two Sources of Solar Energetic Particles
Solar flares are known to be prolific electron accelerators, yet identifying the mechanism(s) for such efficient electron acceleration in solar flare (and similar astrophysical settings) presents a major challenge. This is due in part to a…
Aims. We studied the first multi-spacecraft high-energy solar energetic particle (SEP) event of solar cycle 25, which triggered a ground level enhancement (GLE) on 28 October 2021, using data from multiple observers that were widely…
Solar energetic particles (SEPs), accelerated during solar eruptions, are observed to rapidly reach a wide heliolongitudinal range in the interplanetary space. To access these locations, the SEPs must have either been accelerated at a wide…
Solar energetic particles (SEPs), accelerated during solar eruptions, propagate in turbulent solar wind before being observed with in situ instruments. In order to interpret their origin through comparison with remote-sensing observations…
According to the solar protons' data observed by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) and neutron monitors on the ground of the Earth, and near-relativistic electrons data measured by the ACE spacecraft, the onset times…
Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) are charged particles accelerated within the solar atmosphere or the interplanetary space by explosive phenomena such as solar flares or Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). Once injected into the interplanetary…
In this work, a gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) event observed by multispacecraft has been simulated. The time profiles of SEP fluxes accelerated by an interplanetary shock in the three-dimensional interplanetary space are obtained…
The impulsive phase of a solar flare marks the epoch of rapid conversion of energy stored in the pre-flare coronal magnetic field. Hard X-ray observations imply that a substantial fraction of flare energy released during the impulsive phase…
We have studied the element abundances and energy spectra of the small "He-poor" impulsive solar energetic-particle (SEP) events, comparing them with other impulsive SEP events with more-normal abundances of He. He-poor events can have…
3He-rich solar energetic particles (SEPs) are believed to be accelerated in solar flares or jets by a mechanism that depends on the ion charge-to-mass (Q/M) ratio. It implies that the flare plasma characteristics (e.g., temperature) may be…
Solar flares are a fundamental component of solar eruptive events (SEEs; along with solar energetic particles, SEPs, and coronal mass ejections, CMEs). Flares are the first component of the SEE to impact our atmosphere, which can set the…
Context. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are large eruptions of magnetised plasma from the Sun that are often accompanied by solar radio bursts produced by accelerated electrons. Aims. A powerful source for accelerating electron beams are…
Solar jets are fast-moving, elongated brightenings related to ejections seen in both images and spectra on all scales from barely visible chromospheric jets to coronal jets extending up to a few solar radii. The largest, most powerful jets…
The multitude of recent multi-point spacecraft observations of solar energetic particle (SEP) events have made it possible to study the longitudinal distribution of SEPs in great detail. SEPs, even those accelerated during impulsive events,…
The most intense solar energetic particle events are produced by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) accompanied by intense type II radio bursts below 15 MHz. Understanding where these type II bursts are generated relative to an erupting CME…
We have studied the dynamic proton spectra for the two solar energetic particle (SEP) events on 2000 July 14 (hereafter GLE59) and 2005 January 20 (hereafter GLE69). The source locations of GLE59 and GLE69 are N22W07 and N12W58…
We report that the number of > 500 MeV protons (Ng) inferred from sustained gamma ray emission (SGRE) from the Sun is significantly correlated with that of protons propagating into space (NSEP) as solar energetic particles (SEPs). Under the…
Large solar eruptive events, including solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), can lead to solar energetic particle (SEP) events. During these events, protons are accelerated up to several GeV and pose numerous space weather risks.…
Particle acceleration in stellar flares is ubiquitous in the Universe, however, our Sun is the only astrophysical object where energetic particles and their source flares can both be observed. The acceleration mechanism in solar flares,…
Impulsive solar energetic electrons are often observed in the interplanetary space near the Earth and have an attractive diagnostic potential for poorly understood solar flare acceleration processes. We investigate the transport of solar…