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We study the emptiness and $\lambda$-reachability problems for unary and binary Probabilistic Finite Automata (PFA) and characterise the complexity of these problems in terms of the degree of ambiguity of the automaton and the size of its…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Paul C. Bell , Pavel Semukhin

We introduce a certain restriction of weighted automata over the rationals, called image-binary automata. We show that such automata accept the regular languages, can be exponentially more succinct than corresponding NFAs, and allow for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Stefan Kiefer , Cas Widdershoven

In the field of computational logic, two classes of finite automata are considered fundamental: deterministic and nondeterministic automata (DFAs and NFAs). In a more fine-grained approach three natural intermediate classes were introduced,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Karolina Drabik , Anita Dürr , Fabian Frei , Filip Mazowiecki , Karol Węgrzycki

Finite automata (FA) are a fundamental computational abstraction that is widely used in practice for various tasks in computer science, linguistics, biology, electrical engineering, and artificial intelligence. Given an input word, an FA…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jaime Cuartas Granada , Alexey Ignatiev , Peter J. Stuckey

In this paper we consider the state complexity of an operation on formal languages, root(L). This naturally entails the discussion of the monoid of transformations of a finite set. We obtain good upper and lower bounds on the state…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Bryan Krawetz , John Lawrence , Jeffery Shallit

The Large Charge sector of Conformal Field Theory (CFT) can generically be described through a semiclassical expansion around a superfluid background. In this work, focussing on $U(1)$ invariant Wilson-Fisher fixed points, we study the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-03-01 Gil Badel , Alexander Monin , Riccardo Rattazzi

We fully classify automatic sequences $a$ over a finite alphabet $\Omega$ with the property that each word over $\Omega$ appears is $a$ along an arithmetic progression. Using the terminology introduced by Avgustinovich, Fon-Der-Flaass and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-08 Jakub Konieczny , Clemens Müllner

We study extremal and algorithmic questions of subset and careful synchronization in monotonic automata. We show that several synchronization problems that are hard in general automata can be solved in polynomial time in monotonic automata,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Andrew Ryzhikov , Anton Shemyakov

Let $\Lambda^{\ast}$ be the free monoid of (finite) words over a not necessarily finite alphabet $\Lambda$, which is equipped with some (partial) order. This ordering lifts to $\Lambda^{\ast}$, where it extends the divisibility ordering of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-08 Hans-Jürgen Bandelt , Maurice Pouzet

The definition of period in finite-state Markov chains can be extended to regular languages by considering the transitions of DFAs accepting them. For example, the language $(\Sigma\Sigma)^*$ has period two because the length of a recursion…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Yusuke Inoue , Kenji Hashimoto , Hiroyuki Seki

It is well known that computing a minimum DFA consistent with a given set of positive and negative examples is NP-hard. Previous work has identified conditions on the input sample under which the problem becomes tractable or remains hard.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Radu Cosmin Dumitru , Ryo Yoshinaka , Ayumi Shinohara

This paper investigates the conditions under which a given circular (synchronizing) DFA is \emph{simple} (sometimes referred to as \emph{primitive}) and when it is \emph{irreducible}. Our notion of irreducibility slightly differs from the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Riccardo Venturi

One-way quantum finite automata together with classical states (1QFAC) proposed in [Journal of Computer and System Sciences 81(2) (2015) 359--375] is a new one-way quantum finite automata (1QFA) model that integrates quantum finite automata…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Ligang Xiao , Daowen Qiu

The problem DFA-Intersection-Nonemptiness asks if a given number of deterministic automata accept a common word. In general, this problem is PSPACE-complete. Here, we investigate this problem for the subclasses of commutative automata and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Henning Fernau , Stefan Hoffmann , Michael Wehar

We study structure of pure morphic and morphic sequences and prove the following result: the subword complexity of arbitrary morphic sequence is either $\Theta(n^{1+1/k})$ for some $k\in\mathbb N$, or is $O(n \log n)$.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-02-23 Rostislav Devyatov

The study of finite automata and regular languages is a privileged meeting point of algebra and logic. Since the work of Buchi, regular languages have been classified according to their descriptive complexity, i.e. the type of logical…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Pascal Tesson , Denis Therien

A deterministic finite automaton (DFA) is composite if its language can be decomposed into an intersection of languages of smaller DFAs. Otherwise, A is prime. This notion of primality was introduced by Kupferman and Mosheiff in 2013, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Ismaël Jecker , Nicolas Mazzocchi , Petra Wolf

Compact representations of automata are important for efficiency. In this paper, we study methods to compute reduced automata, in which no two states accept the same language. We do this for finitary automata (FA), an abstract definition…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Keri D'Angelo , Alexandra Silva , Gerco van Heerdt , Leon Witzman

This paper studies complexity of recognition of classes of bounded configurations by a generalization of conventional cellular automata (CA) -- finite dynamic cellular automata (FDCA). Inspired by the CA-based models of biological and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Maxim Makatchev

Given a monoid $(M,\varepsilon,\cdot )$ it is shown that a subset $A\subseteq M$ is recognizable in the sense of automata theory if and only if the $\varphi $-rank of $x=x$ is zero in the first-order theory $\operatorname{Th}(M,\varepsilon…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-06-11 Christopher D. C. Hawthorne